Going to the toilet while outdoor camping: 4 discreet and clean ways

Going to the bathroom outdoors might seem simple, but it can become quite an awkward situation if you don't know how to choose the right spot, maintain hygiene, and dispose of waste properly. Especially when going to the bathroom while camping or going to the bathroom while hiking, the lack of restrooms, remote terrain, and the risk of being seen by others can easily make many people feel uncomfortable.

According to outdoor hygiene guidelines, the important principle is not only to address personal needs but also to minimize leaving traces, protect water sources, and reduce environmental impact. Tiptory will guide you on how to prepare before your trip, choose suitable locations, and safely dispose of waste, so you can go to the bathroom outdoors discreetly, cleanly, and more responsibly.

Thorough Preparation for Outdoor Restroom Breaks

1. Prepare all necessary supplies before your trip

• Bring toilet paper or wet wipes, a small trowel, sealable plastic bags, and hand sanitizer.

• It's advisable to bring extra supplies, especially if the trip is long or if you'll be going to the bathroom while camping in an area without restrooms.

• The CDC recommends using hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol when soap and clean water are unavailable.

• If you can wash your hands with soap and clean water, this remains the preferred option after using the restroom.

2. Choose a private and suitable location

• Prioritize areas designated for restrooms by park management, campgrounds, or tourist spots.

• If there are no restrooms, choose a discreet location, away from trails, campsites, and areas with heavy foot traffic.

• Especially when going to the bathroom while hiking, avoid choosing locations near streams, lakes, or water sources, as waste can affect water quality and the environment.

• According to Leave No Trace principles, human solid waste should be disposed of at least 60 meters from water sources, campsites, and trails.

3. Dig a small hole for waste disposal

• When no restroom is available, you can dig a small hole, often called a cathole, in a suitable location.

• The hole should be about 15–20 cm deep, then completely covered with earth after use.

• After covering, add leaves or natural materials from the site to help the hole blend into the environment and prevent accidental contact by others.

• Do not dig holes too close to water sources, in areas prone to flooding, or in frequently trafficked locations.

4. Dispose of toilet paper and wet wipes correctly

• Do not assume that wet wipes can be buried with waste. Many types of wipes contain non-biodegradable materials and should be carried out of natural areas.

• The safest way is to place used toilet paper, wet wipes, and personal hygiene products in a sealed plastic bag, then carry them out for proper disposal at a designated location.

• Leave No Trace recommends prioritizing carrying out toilet paper and personal hygiene products from nature rather than leaving them at the campsite.

• Sealed bags help contain odor, prevent leaks, and keep trash separate in your backpack.

5. Clean hands immediately after using the restroom

• After going to the bathroom outdoors, wash your hands with soap and clean water if available.

• If soap and water are not available, use hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol.

• This is a small but crucial step because bacteria and viruses from waste can transfer from hands to food, water bottles, or frequently touched items. The CDC specifically recommends hand hygiene after using the restroom and before eating.

Method 1: Preparing for Outdoor Restroom Breaks While Camping

Step 1: Check Regulations Before Going to the Bathroom Outdoors

1. Understand the regulations at your destination

• Before going to the bathroom outdoors, check the regulations of the park, campground, reserve, or local area. Not all natural areas permit indiscriminate waste disposal.

• In Vietnam, acts of urination or defecation in unauthorized places in apartments, commercial, service areas, or public spaces can be fined from 150,000–250,000 VND according to Decree 45/2022/ND-CP.

• Therefore, when going to the bathroom while camping or going to the bathroom while hiking, prioritize using designated restrooms or follow the specific instructions of the area's management.

2. Prioritize approved locations with restrooms

• If public restrooms or designated sanitary facilities are available, these should always be the preferred option.

• For longer trips, it's advisable to research the locations of restroom stops beforehand rather than waiting until it's urgent to find a place.

• For natural areas with specific waste disposal regulations, adhere strictly to the guidelines instead of mechanically applying outdoor restroom practices from other locations.

3. If you must go to the bathroom in nature, choose a discreet location

• In situations where no restroom is available and the need cannot be postponed, find a discreet location, away from trails, common areas, and places with foot traffic.

• Do not choose areas near streams, lakes, wells, water sources, or places where people draw water for daily use. This helps reduce the risk of contaminating water sources and affecting others.

• When going to the bathroom while hiking, pay special attention to the terrain, distance from water sources, and the regulations of the conservation area or national park.

4. Do not let using the restroom affect others

• The goal of proper outdoor restroom use is not just to find a secluded spot, but also to maintain hygiene, protect the environment, and not leave waste for those who follow.

• Do not use trails, campsites, recreational areas, or common living spaces as restroom facilities.

• If the location requires carrying out waste, prepare a sealed bag and take all used toilet paper, wet wipes, or personal hygiene items with you.

5. Prepare in advance to avoid awkward situations

• Before your trip, check the map, destination regulations, and restroom locations.

• Bring toilet paper, tissues, hand sanitizer, and appropriate trash bags.

• If you anticipate going to the bathroom while camping or trekking in remote areas, research local waste disposal regulations beforehand. Good preparation helps make the trip more proactive, rather than frantically searching for a spot when "nature calls."

Step 2: Leave No Trace After Using the Restroom

1. Always adhere to the Leave No Trace principle

• When going to the bathroom outdoors, the goal is not only to address personal needs but also to keep the area clean for those who come after.

• The "Leave No Trace" principle encourages campers and trekkers to minimize their impact on nature, from not harming flora and fauna to proper waste disposal.

• For trips involving going to the bathroom while camping or going to the bathroom while hiking, consider carrying out trash and properly disposing of waste as part of your environmental responsibility.

2. Proper disposal of human feces

• If the area permits burying waste, use the method recommended by the management or Leave No Trace guidelines.

• Dig a small hole (cathole) in a suitable location, usually about 15–20 cm deep, then completely cover it with earth after use.

• The hole should be far from water sources, trails, and campsites; Leave No Trace principles generally recommend a minimum distance of 60 m (200 feet) from these areas.

• Do not bury waste in areas prone to flooding or where the soil is too shallow, making waste easily exposed.

3. Do not leave behind toilet paper and personal trash

• Do not assume that all types of paper or wet wipes can be buried with waste.

• Wet wipes, toilet paper, and personal hygiene products should be disposed of according to the regulations of each location; if required to be carried out, place them in a sealed bag and take them with you.

• Check the area before leaving to ensure no paper, wipes, packaging, or personal items are left behind.

4. Respect those who follow and the ecosystem

• A properly managed outdoor restroom site should leave virtually no trace that it was used by others.

• Do not use the restroom near water sources, tent sites, rest areas, or busy paths.

• If the area has specific regulations for going to the bathroom while hiking or waste disposal, prioritize following the on-site instructions instead of applying methods from other locations.

5. Prepare to follow the principles correctly

• Before departing, research the regulations of the park, conservation area, or campsite regarding waste disposal.

• Prepare a small trowel, toilet paper, sealed bags, and hand sanitizer if your trip requires going to the bathroom outdoors.

• A responsible trip doesn't just end when you leave nature, but also when the area you used remains clean and safe for the next person.

Step 3: Prepare Sufficient Supplies Before Going to the Bathroom Outdoors

1. Prepare equipment before departure

• If you plan on going to the bathroom while camping, hiking, or picnicking, prepare in advance as the need for a restroom can arise at any time.

• A basic kit should include a small digging trowel, toilet paper, and sealed bags for used toilet paper or sanitary waste.

• For long trips or remote areas, prepare supplies appropriate for the duration of the trip, rather than just enough for one use.

2. Bring appropriate digging tools

• A small trowel or hand shovel helps dig a cathole when the area permits burying waste.

• Do not dig a hole without permission if the location's regulations require using waste bags or other disposal methods.

• When going to the bathroom while hiking, choose a lightweight, sturdy tool that is easy to carry in your backpack.

3. Prepare toilet paper and sealed bags

• Bring a roll of toilet paper specifically for outdoor use when no restroom or supply source is available at the campsite.

• Prepare plastic bags or specialized sealable bags to hold used toilet paper if local regulations require carrying waste out.

• Do not leave toilet paper, wet wipes, or sanitary waste directly on the ground, in bushes, or near water sources.

4. Prioritize washing hands with soap and water

• After going to the bathroom outdoors, washing hands with soap and clean water is the preferred option when conditions permit.

• If soap and water are not available, hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol can be used to sanitize hands.

• If using biodegradable soap, it must still be used correctly and avoid letting soapy water flow directly into streams, lakes, or natural water sources.

5. Recheck your kit before the trip

• Before departing, quickly check: small trowel, toilet paper, trash bags, and hand sanitizer.

• If traveling in a group, agree on waste disposal methods beforehand so everyone can follow the rules.

• Preparing a few small items in advance can make going to the bathroom outdoors more discreet, cleaner, and less impactful on the environment.

Method 2: Proper and Discreet Outdoor Defecation

Step 1: Check Regulations Before Waste Disposal

1. Understand destination regulations before your trip

• Before going to the bathroom outdoors, check the website, rules, or ask park, conservation area, and campground management about waste disposal methods.

• Regulations can vary significantly: some areas require carrying all waste out, some permit burying feces in a cathole, and some have specific requirements for toilet paper. The National Park Service (NPS) also emphasizes that waste disposal regulations vary by location.

• Therefore, you should not apply one disposal method to every trip involving going to the bathroom while camping or going to the bathroom while hiking.

2. Determine human waste disposal methods in advance

• If the location permits the use of a cathole, prepare a small trowel and follow the correct requirements for location, depth, and how to cover the hole.

• NPS guidelines often recommend a hole about 15–20 cm deep, at least 60 m from water sources, trails, and campsites; however, specific requirements must prioritize the regulations of your destination.

• If the location requires carrying waste out, prepare specialized bags such as WAG bags or an approved collection system instead of digging a hole yourself.

3. Always prepare to carry out toilet paper

• Even when waste is permitted to be buried, carrying toilet paper and personal hygiene products out of natural areas is generally the option with lower environmental impact.

• NPS recommends packaging and carrying out used toilet paper in many areas; some parks even make it mandatory.

• Prepare a sealed bag or zip-top bag for used paper to prevent leaks, odors, and direct contact in your backpack.

4. Prepare supplies based on actual regulations

• If digging a cathole is permitted: bring a small trowel, toilet paper, sealed bags, and hand sanitizer.

• If waste must be carried out: add specialized waste disposal bags and enough bags for toilet paper.

• For trips involving going to the bathroom while hiking in rocky, icy, or crowded areas, packaging and carrying out waste may be required as digging holes is not feasible.

5. Decide on a plan before you need to use the restroom

• Don't wait until the need arises to figure out how to handle it. Determine in advance: where restrooms can be used, if digging a hole is allowed, if waste must be carried out, and how to dispose of toilet paper.

• A small kit prepared according to regulations will help make going to the bathroom outdoors proactive, discreet, and less impactful on the environment.

• The simplest principle is: know the regulations beforehand, prepare correctly, and carry out what the area requires. This is also the core spirit of the Leave No Trace principle regarding proper waste disposal.

Step 2: Prepare for Hand Hygiene Before Using the Restroom

1. Determine handwashing methods before starting

• When going to the toilet outdoors, pre-determine the location of soap, clean water, or hand sanitizer in your kit.

• Do not wait until after using the toilet to fumble for hygiene supplies, as your hands may already be contaminated by then.

• If you are in a group, you can ask someone to help with water or soap to limit touching shared items.

2. Prioritize soap and clean water

• Washing hands with soap and clean water is the priority option when available.

• Wet your hands, apply soap, and thoroughly scrub your entire hands for about 20 seconds, including palms, backs of hands, between fingers, and around nails, then rinse thoroughly.

• The CDC recommends washing hands at critical times, especially after using the toilet and before eating or preparing food.

3. Use hand sanitizer when soap and water are unavailable

• If you cannot wash your hands with soap and water, use a hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol.

• Ensure the solution covers all surfaces of your hands and rub them together until completely dry.

• Hand sanitizer is an alternative when handwashing facilities are unavailable, not a priority option if soap and water are accessible.

4. Limit touching clean items with dirty hands

• When going to the toilet while camping, it's advisable to arrange items such as soap, water, paper towels, and hand sanitizer in advance so you can access them without touching too many shared items.

• You can open the caps of soap or hand sanitizer bottles before using the toilet if this helps limit contact afterward.

• If you are with friends, one person can assist by providing water or hygiene items after you are done.

5. Check your hygiene kit before leaving home

• Before a toilet break while hiking or camping trip, quickly check for: clean water, soap or hand sanitizer, and paper towels.

• For long trips, bring enough water and hygiene supplies, and store them in an easily accessible location.

• Preparing a simple routine beforehand will help you maintain good hygiene even when you have to go to the toilet outdoors in areas without facilities.

Step 3: Choose an appropriate outdoor toilet location

1. Prioritize discreet and low-traffic areas

• When going to the toilet outdoors, choose a spot out of sight, away from trails, tourist attractions, recreational areas, and places with frequent foot traffic.

• You can prioritize areas with trees or natural terrain for cover, but avoid damaging vegetation when moving or digging.

• If you are going to the toilet while camping, choose a location away from the tent area, cooking area, and common activity zones.

2. Maintain a safe distance from water sources

• If the location allows digging a cathole, choose a spot at least 60 m (200 feet) away from water sources, campsites, and trails, unless local regulations specify a different distance.

• Do not use the toilet near streams, lakes, rivers, wells, or residential water sources. This is a crucial principle to limit the risk of waste contaminating water sources.

• When going to the toilet while hiking, pay special attention to the terrain and natural water systems, as mountain water sources may be used for consumption in areas below.

3. Choose suitable soil for digging a cathole

• If burying waste is permitted, find an area with soft, stable, and easy-to-dig soil, avoiding rocky ground, frozen soil, or excessively shallow soil.

• According to Leave No Trace guidelines, catholes are typically dug about 15–20 cm deep, then covered with soil after use.

• Do not dig catholes in areas prone to flooding, near riverbanks, or where waste risks being washed away.

4. Avoid harming nature

• Do not dig catholes next to young trees, sensitive plant areas, animal nests, or valuable natural sites.

• Do not break tree branches for cover. Utilize existing terrain and vegetation gently.

• After completing your outdoor toilet break, fill the hole and check the area for any remaining toilet paper or personal waste.

5. Check regulations before proceeding

• Not all places allow digging catholes for waste disposal. Some parks, reserves, or hiking trails require using waste bags and carrying waste out.

• Before your trip, check the management's regulations to know the exact permitted locations and disposal methods.

• An easy rule to remember is: discreet, away from water sources, away from activity areas, and compliant with local regulations. This is the foundation for safe and responsible toilet use when camping or hiking.

Step 4: Digging a cathole correctly

1. Understanding the cathole

• A cathole is a small hole dug to contain human waste when going to the toilet outdoors in areas where burying waste is permitted.

• This method helps to cover waste with soil and limit its exposure to people, animals, or the surrounding environment.

• However, not all locations allow the use of catholes. If the management requires waste to be carried out, that regulation must be followed.

2. Prepare a trowel or small shovel

• Use a sturdy, compact trowel or hand shovel that is easy to carry when going to the toilet while camping or trekking.

• Before digging, check the ground and ensure the location meets the requirements for distance from water sources, trails, and campsites.

3. Dig a sufficiently deep and wide hole

• According to Leave No Trace guidelines, a cathole is typically about 15–20 cm (6–8 inches) deep and 10–15 cm (4–6 inches) in diameter, depending on soil conditions and local regulations.

• The hole should be wide enough for waste to fall inside when you squat, but avoid digging larger than necessary.

• An easy way to remember is that the depth is approximately the length of the trowel blade, and the diameter of the hole corresponds roughly to the width of the blade.

4. Check the ground before use

• Only dig where the soil is deep enough, without large rocks or thick roots that would prevent proper digging.

• Avoid areas prone to flooding, overly damp soil, or locations where waste risks being washed away.

• If you cannot dig a suitable hole, choose another location or use the option of collecting and carrying waste out if that is the area's regulation.

5. Cover the hole completely after finishing

• After use, completely fill the cathole with the excavated soil, ensuring no waste remains exposed on the surface.

• You can lightly cover it with natural materials found on-site to return the area to its near-original state, but do not further disturb the surrounding environment.

• When going to the toilet while hiking, double-check to ensure no toilet paper, wet wipes, or personal waste remains if the area requires them to be carried out.

Step 5: Using the cathole correctly

1. Prepare your posture and clothing

• When going to the toilet outdoors, choose a stable, level spot and ensure you have enough space to squat safely.

• Pull down your pants and underwear just enough to avoid interference. There's no need to remove them completely if it makes it difficult to maintain balance.

• Place your backpack, clothes, or personal items in a clean, dry location where there's no risk of them falling into the hole.

2. Squat in the correct position

• Squat so your body is directly over the cathole, allowing waste to fall directly inside.

• Maintain a stable posture, especially when going to the toilet while hiking on steep terrain or uneven ground.

• Avoid standing too close to the edge of the hole, as the soil might collapse or cause you to lose balance.

3. Ensure waste falls into the hole

• Try to ensure waste falls directly to the bottom of the hole rather than on the sides or surrounding area.

• If waste doesn't fall into the correct position, you can use a clean stick or appropriate tool to gently guide it to the bottom of the hole.

• Do not touch waste directly with your hands; afterwards, proper hand hygiene is essential.

4. Post-toilet disposal

• After finishing, check the hole and cover it completely with soil according to the site's regulations.

• If the area you are in requires carrying out toilet paper or waste, put them in a sealed bag instead of burying them.

• When going to the toilet while camping, recheck the area before leaving to ensure no paper, wet wipes, or sanitary waste remains.

5. Hand hygiene immediately afterward

• Wash your hands with soap and clean water as a priority option.

• If soap and water are unavailable, use a hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol.

• Especially when in a group, wash your hands before touching food, water bottles, or shared items.

Step 6: Use toilet paper and dispose of it properly

• When going to the toilet outdoors, bring your own toilet paper instead of haphazardly using leaves.

• Avoid using leaves, branches, or plants to wipe if you are unsure of their properties. Some plants can cause irritation or dermatitis when in contact with sensitive skin areas.

• For a toilet break while camping or hiking, keep toilet paper in a waterproof bag and take it out when needed.

2. Clean thoroughly and limit environmental contact

• After using the toilet, use a sufficient amount of paper to clean, avoiding dropping or scattering paper around.

• Do not throw used paper on the ground, into crevices, bushes, or water sources.

• If the area requires carrying out toilet paper, adhere to this rule even if you believe the paper is biodegradable.

3. Place used paper in a sealed bag

• The proactive and least impactful method is to put used toilet paper in a sealed bag, close it tightly, and carry it with you.

• You can use an odor-proof bag or place the paper-containing bag inside an outer bag to reduce odor and prevent leaks in your backpack.

• After the trip, dispose of the bag in an appropriate waste collection facility according to local regulations.

4. Do not bury toilet paper without permission

• Whether burying toilet paper is allowed depends on the regulations of each park, reserve, or campsite.

• Even if permitted, carrying out toilet paper is generally more consistent with Leave No Trace principles as it helps reduce the amount of waste left in the natural environment.

• Specifically, wet wipes and sanitary products made of synthetic materials should not be considered quickly biodegradable waste.

5. Hand hygiene after disposal

• After going to the toilet outdoors and disposing of used paper, wash your hands with soap and clean water for at least 20 seconds if available. This is the method prioritized by the CDC for hand cleaning.

• If soap and clean water are unavailable, use a hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol.

• Complete hand hygiene before touching food, water bottles, or shared items within your group.

Step 7: Covering the hole after using the toilet

• If the area allows burying waste, fill the cathole immediately after use to prevent others or animals from coming into contact with feces.

• According to Leave No Trace, a cathole is typically about 15–20 cm (6–8 inches) deep and must be at least 60 m (200 feet) from water sources, trails, and campsites.

• Use the excavated soil to completely cover all waste, then check to ensure no feces are exposed on the surface.

2. Disguise the hole with natural materials

• After backfilling, you can lightly cover the spot with dry leaves, small branches, or available natural materials to return the area to its near-original state.

• There's no need to create prominent markers or further disturb the surrounding vegetation.

• Proper concealment helps reduce the likelihood of others accidentally discovering it and limits animals from digging up the hole.

3. Keep the digging trowel clean

• Do not allow the trowel or digging shovel to come into direct contact with human feces if it can be avoided.

• After digging, use the excavated soil to fill the hole instead of bringing the tool into contact with waste.

• If the tool does come into contact with waste, clean and disinfect it appropriately before using or storing it with other items.

4. Do not bury waste if the location requires carrying it out

• Some sensitive environments, such as high mountain areas, deserts, or difficult terrain, may require packaging and carrying all waste out instead of using a cathole.

• When going to the toilet while hiking, check the management's regulations before your trip and prepare specialized waste collection bags if necessary.

• A critical principle is to comply with the regulations of the destination, not to arbitrarily bury feces just because this method is permitted elsewhere.

5. Group camping considerations

• If a campsite has few suitable locations for digging catholes, multiple people might inadvertently choose the same spot.

• Remember the locations you've used and avoid digging again in that same area.

• However, do not stake, conspicuously mark, or create signs that draw attention to the waste area if this violates regulations or increases environmental impact.

• When going to the toilet outdoors, the ultimate goal is to leave the area clean, safe, and virtually trace-free.

6. Hand hygiene after disposal

• After filling the hole and putting away tools, wash your hands with soap and clean water if possible.

• If soap and water are unavailable, use a hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol. The CDC recommends hand hygiene after using the toilet to reduce the risk of spreading bacteria and viruses.

• This is the final but very important step to complete the process of going to the bathroom when camping or going to the bathroom when hiking in a sanitary and responsible manner.

Method 3: Tips for safe and clean outdoor urination for women

Step 1: Choose a private spot to go to the bathroom

1. Choose a private location

• When going to the bathroom outdoors, look for a spot out of sight, such as behind a cluster of trees, a rock, or available natural terrain.

• Prioritize locations away from trails, campsites, rest stops, and heavily trafficked areas.

• If you are going to the bathroom when camping, choose a location that is private enough but still safe to avoid slipping, getting lost, or encountering animals.

2. Check the location before use

• If digging a cathole is permitted, ensure the location meets the requirements for distance from water sources, trails, and living areas.

• Avoid excessively steep, slippery, waterlogged, or rocky and root-filled ground, which makes digging difficult.

• When going to the bathroom when hiking, terrain safety should take precedence over privacy; do not go too far from the group just to find a completely hidden spot.

3. Bring necessary supplies

• Prepare toilet paper, a plastic bag or sealed bag, and hand sanitizer before leaving the campsite or rest stop.

• If the location allows burying waste, add a small trowel for digging and filling the hole.

• If regulations require packing out waste, prepare a suitable collection bag instead of digging a hole.

4. Arrange items for easy access

• Keep toilet paper and waste bags in an easily accessible location to avoid having to rummage through your backpack with dirty hands after going to the bathroom.

• Place hand sanitizer or hand-washing tools where they can be used immediately after finishing.

• Preparing in advance makes going to the bathroom outdoors quicker and reduces the risk of leaving trash or traces in nature.

5. Leave the area clean

• After finishing, check the surroundings to ensure no toilet paper, wet wipes, or personal items are left behind.

• Dispose of waste according to site regulations and wash your hands before returning to the group.

• The simple principles are: discretion, safety, adequate supplies, and leave no trace.

Step 2: Keep clothes clean when going to the bathroom

1. Lower clothes neatly

• When going to the bathroom outdoors, choose a suitable posture and method for lowering clothes to prevent pants or underwear from touching the ground, plants, or dirt.

• With a skirt, you can neatly pull and hold it to one side before lowering underwear.

• If there is enough space and privacy, completely removing pants and underwear can help reduce the risk of urine or waste soiling clothes.

2. Place clothes in a clean and dry spot

• If you need to remove clothes, place them on a dry, clean surface, such as stable ground or a suitable personal item.

• Do not place clothes too close to the cathole or where you are squatting to avoid accidentally soiling them.

• When going to the bathroom when camping, avoid placing clothes directly on damp ground, mud, or areas with insects.

3. Prioritize safety when choosing a location

• When going to the bathroom when hiking, do not remove all clothing in steep, slippery terrain or where there is no safe support.

• Privacy is important, but safety and balance should be prioritized.

• If you have to move away from the group, remember the way back and do not go into areas at risk of landslides, falls, or encountering animals.

4. Keep personal items within reach

• Place clothes, toilet paper, and essential items in an easily accessible position, but without the risk of falling into the hole.

• Avoid hanging items on tree branches if they could fall or be blown away by the wind, creating more litter in the natural environment.

• After finishing going to the bathroom outdoors, check your clothes and the surrounding area before leaving.

Step 3: Squat correctly when going to the bathroom

1. Keep feet flat on the ground

• When going to the bathroom outdoors, squat with both feet flat on the ground to increase stability.

• Place your feet about hip-width or shoulder-width apart, depending on your balance and terrain conditions.

• This posture is often easier to maintain than squatting on your toes or putting weight on the balls of your feet, especially if you have to squat for a few minutes.

2. Avoid postures that make you lose balance

• Do not try to squat on the balls of your feet if the ground is uneven or slippery.

• When going to the bathroom when hiking, check the ground before squatting and prioritize a stable, less steep location.

• If you feel unstable, find another spot instead of trying to maintain the posture on dangerous ground.

3. Keep knees and body in a comfortable position

• Lower yourself slowly, keeping your body weight evenly distributed on both feet.

• There's no need to force your body into a fixed position; adjust the distance between your feet to find the most natural and stable posture.

• If you have pain or limited mobility in your knees, hips, or ankles, be especially careful as deep squats can cause discomfort.

4. Check pockets before squatting

• If you are wearing pants with pockets, check them beforehand to prevent your phone, keys, wallet, or small items from falling out when you squat.

• You can place these items in a clean, safe spot within sight before starting.

• When going to the bathroom when camping, avoid placing electronics or important items close to the edge of the cathole.

5. Prioritize safety over privacy

• A private but steep, slippery, or unstable location is not a good choice.

When going to the bathroom outdoors, prioritize firm ground, good foot grip, and enough space to stand up safely after finishing.

Step 4: Urinate outdoors correctly

1. Choose a stable posture before urinating

• When urinating outdoors, choose firm, relatively flat, and less slippery ground.

• Squatting with both feet firmly placed helps reduce the risk of losing balance while urinating.

• If uncomfortable with squatting, other postures can be chosen to suit mobility, provided safety is ensured and the surrounding area is not polluted.

2. Adjust posture to prevent urine from soiling clothes

• Lower clothes sufficiently and maintain an appropriate distance to prevent urine from splashing onto legs, shoes, or clothes.

• Slightly adjust the distance between your feet to create a more favorable urine flow direction.

• There's no need to try to create a strong urine stream; let your body urinate naturally and adjust your posture if the stream deviates.

3. Prioritize comfort and hygiene

• There's no need to use your hands directly if it makes you lose balance or increases the risk of contact with dirty surfaces.

• If you need to use your hands to adjust your posture, wash your hands thoroughly after urinating.

• When going to the bathroom when camping, keep toilet paper and personal items in a clean, easily accessible location.

4. Avoid letting urine affect living areas

• Do not urinate near water sources, campsites, trails, or resting areas.

• When going to the bathroom when hiking, choose a suitable location according to area regulations and avoid places where urine could flow directly into water sources.

• If the area has specific urination regulations, prioritize the management's instructions.

5. Wash hands after finishing

• After going to the bathroom outdoors, wash your hands with soap and clean water if available.

• If water and soap are not available, use hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol.

• Rub the solution over both hands until dry, especially before eating, drinking, or touching food, to reduce the risk of transferring bacteria from the environment to your body.

Step 5: Dry yourself after urinating outdoors

1. Choose appropriate wiping materials

• After urinating outdoors, you can use toilet paper, tissue, or wet wipes if absolutely necessary.

• If using wet wipes, choose a type suitable for skin and do not discard them directly into nature, as many products contain materials that are difficult to decompose.

• Some people use a “pee rag,” which is a piece of cloth specifically for this purpose. If used, the rag should be kept clean and stored hygienically.

2. Pack out single-use products

• Used toilet paper, tissues, and wet wipes should be placed in a sealed bag and carried out to a location where waste can be properly disposed of.

• Do not leave used products on the ground, in bushes, rock crevices, or near water sources.

• When going to the bathroom when camping, prepare a separate bag for sanitary waste to avoid mixing it with clean items.

3. Not always necessary to wipe if not needed

• After urinating, it is not always necessary to use paper or a wipe. If conditions are suitable, residual urine can be allowed to drain completely before dressing.

• There's no need to wipe excessively, as vigorous rubbing can irritate sensitive skin.

• If you feel damp, uncomfortable, or at risk of soiling clothes, gently blotting with clean paper or a cloth is a more practical option.

4. If using a cloth wipe, maintain hygiene

• If using a pee rag, dedicate one piece of cloth for this purpose and do not share it with face towels, napkins, or other items.

• The rag can be hung in a well-ventilated spot outside your backpack to dry between uses, but avoid letting it touch the ground or dirty surfaces.

• If the rag has an unusual smell, is heavily soiled, or causes skin irritation, it should be washed thoroughly or replaced.

5. Pay attention to personal hygiene on long trips

• When going to the bathroom when hiking or camping for multiple days, change underwear regularly and keep the intimate area dry and airy.

• If itching, burning, rash, unusual odor, or unusual discharge occurs, do not dismiss it as merely an issue from outdoor urination; consider seeking medical evaluation.

• It is crucial to keep the skin clean and dry, and minimize leaving paper, wipes, or sanitary waste in the natural environment.

Step 6: Get dressed and wash your hands

1. Get dressed carefully

• After going to the bathroom outdoors, quickly check your clothing area before pulling up your pants and underwear to avoid soiling your skin or fabric.

• If wearing a skirt, let it fall back into place and ensure it is not rolled up or caught in your underwear.

• Do this slowly, especially when on steep terrain or uneven ground, to avoid losing balance.

2. Check clothes before leaving

• Check if your pants, underwear, or skirt are stained with dirt, urine, or other substances.

• If so, clean them or change clothes if conditions allow.

• When going to the bathroom when camping for multiple days, it is advisable to bring spare underwear to keep the intimate area dry and comfortable.

3. Wash hands immediately after getting dressed

• After finishing going to the bathroom outdoors, wash your hands with soap and clean water if possible.

• If water and soap are unavailable, use hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol.

• Rub the solution over both hands until dry, especially before eating, drinking, or touching food.

4. Keep hand sanitizer in an easily accessible location

• When preparing for going to the bathroom when hiking, keep hand sanitizer in an easily accessible compartment rather than deep in your backpack.

• You can pre-open the cap or prepare a spot for the bottle before going to the bathroom to avoid having to search for it with uncleaned hands.

• If in a group, avoid sharing a sanitizer bottle with dirty hands; ask for assistance if needed.

5. Complete the process before returning to the group

• After getting dressed and washing your hands, recheck the area to ensure no toilet paper, trash bags, or personal items are left behind.

• Collect all waste that needs to be carried out and store it separately from clean items.

• A simple process involving waste disposal, getting dressed, hand washing, and checking the area will make going to the bathroom in nature cleaner and more responsible.

Method 4: Guide to disposing of sanitary pads when hiking

Step 1: Prepare a waste bag

1. Prepare enough supplies for the entire journey

• Before going to the bathroom outdoors, estimate the amount of toilet paper, waste bags, and sanitary items needed for the duration of the trip.

• If the journey is long, bring a small surplus to avoid running out of supplies in case of unexpected needs.

• When going to the bathroom when camping or going to the bathroom when hiking, check the destination's regulations to determine if waste needs to be packed out.

2. Choose a suitable sealed bag

• Ziplock plastic bags can be used to contain toilet paper or waste if local regulations require packing it out.

• Choose bags that are sturdy, sealed, and appropriately sized, avoiding overly thin bags that can easily tear or leak.

• A second bag can be used on the outside to enhance odor containment and limit contact with other items in the backpack.

3. Conceal the bag for privacy

• If concerned about the contents of the bag being visible, use an opaque bag or add an outer layer.

It is not always necessary to use tape if the bag is already sealed and secure; the important thing is to prevent leaks, contain odors, and ensure safe transport.

Do not open the bag in the campsite area or near water sources; keep it sealed until you can dispose of it properly.

4. Separate sanitation waste from clean items

• When urinating or defecating while camping, place the waste bag in a separate compartment, away from food, clothes, or cooking utensils.

• Do not store waste bags with drinking water or food in your backpack.

• After handling waste, wash your hands with soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol.

5. Dispose of waste in designated areas

• If the area follows the pack-it-out principle, carry the waste bag out of the natural area and dispose of it according to local guidelines.

• Do not put the bag in temporary trash bins if the location does not permit it or lacks an appropriate collection system.

• Planning your disposal method beforehand makes urinating or defecating outdoors more proactive and reduces the risk of leaving waste in nature.

Step 2: Wash your hands before and after use

1. Wash hands before using the product

• If you are urinating or defecating outdoors during your period and need to use a tampon or menstrual cup, clean your hands before touching the product.

• The FDA recommends washing hands before and after using menstrual products, especially tampons and menstrual cups, as these products are inserted into the vagina.

• This helps limit the introduction of bacteria from your hands or the outdoor environment into the vaginal area.

2. Prioritize soap and clean water

• When available, wash your hands with soap and clean water before inserting and after removing tampons or menstrual cups.

• Scrub your entire hands thoroughly for at least 20 seconds, including palms, back of hands, between fingers, and around nails.

• When urinating or defecating while camping, prepare a suitable amount of clean water and soap if you anticipate needing to change or clean menstrual products.

3. Use hand sanitizer when water is unavailable

• If soap and clean water are unavailable, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol.

• Rub the sanitizer over all surfaces of both hands until completely dry before handling.

• If your hands are visibly soiled with dirt or mud, try to wash them with soap and water instead of relying solely on hand sanitizer.

4. Keep menstrual products clean during handling

• Before removing a tampon or menstrual cup, wash your hands; after disposal, wash your hands again.

• Do not place products or parts of a menstrual cup directly on the ground, rocks, leaves, or other potentially contaminated surfaces.

• When urinating or defecating while hiking, prepare a clean bag for storing products and a separate bag for used menstrual waste.

5. Do not leave menstrual products in nature

• Tampons, pads, tissues, and other disposable products must be disposed of according to local regulations; do not leave them on the ground or in a cathole if not permitted in that area.

• For multi-day trips urinating or defecating outdoors, carry sealed bags to collect used products and pack them out of the natural area.

• If you experience pain, fever, or unusual symptoms while using a tampon or menstrual cup, the FDA recommends contacting a healthcare professional for evaluation.

Step 3: Dispose of menstrual products properly

1. Pack out disposable products from nature

• When urinating or defecating outdoors during your period, used tampons and pads should be bagged and carried out, not buried in a cathole or left in nature.

• Place used products in a sealed bag, secure it tightly, and store it separately in your backpack to contain odors and avoid contact with clean items.

• Clean packaging should also be collected with personal trash and disposed of in an appropriate location. The FDA advises that tampons are single-use products and must be discarded after each use.

2. Dispose of menstrual cup fluid according to regulations

• If using a menstrual cup, the menstrual fluid can be disposed of according to local regulations. If the area permits catholes, you can empty the fluid into a cathole and dispose of it like human waste following local guidelines.

• Some areas have restrooms or specific regulations; in such cases, prioritize the method required by the management instead of independently burying waste.

• When urinating or defecating while camping, research waste disposal regulations beforehand to prepare the correct tools.

3. Rinse cup with clean water only

• If you need to rinse your menstrual cup during the trip, use only potable clean water or follow the manufacturer's specific instructions.

• Do not use stream water, lake water, or untreated water just because it appears clear. Natural water sources can contain harmful microorganisms.

• If suitable clean water is unavailable, do not attempt to rinse the cup with untreated water; prioritize the cleaning method recommended by the manufacturer and ensure safety.

4. Store and clean reusable cloth pads

• For reusable cloth pads, if possible, rinse them with appropriate water and dry them before storing.

• Avoid leaving damp cloth pads in your backpack for extended periods, as a moist environment can promote microbial growth.

• If you cannot wash or dry them immediately when urinating or defecating while hiking, place the products in a separate sealed bag and wash them thoroughly upon returning home.

5. Prepare separate bags for menstrual waste

• Before a trip where you will be urinating or defecating while camping, prepare multiple sealed bags for used tampons, pads, tissues, and packaging.

• Keep menstrual waste bags separate from food, drinks, and clean clothes.

• After disposing of products, wash your hands with soap and clean water; if unavailable, use appropriate hand sanitizer. The FDA also recommends washing hands before and after using menstrual products.

6. Prioritize Leave No Trace principles

• When urinating or defecating outdoors, treat used menstrual products as trash that needs to be collected, not left on the ground, in bushes, rock crevices, or water sources.

• The simple rule is: pack out what you pack in, and carry it out if there is no permitted disposal system.

• This preparation helps make camping or hiking bathroom breaks cleaner and reduces the risk of environmental contamination.

Step 4: Store menstrual waste properly

1. Comply with wildlife protection regulations

• When urinating or defecating outdoors in areas with bears or other wildlife, check the management's regulations for storing food and odorous waste.

• If the area requires the use of a bear box or animal-resistant storage containers, used menstrual hygiene products should also be stored according to the same regulations.

• Do not leave menstrual waste bags outside the tent, in open bags, or in sleeping areas if regulations require storage in animal-resistant containers.

2. Seal used products tightly

• Place used pads, tampons, and other menstrual hygiene items in sealed bags before storing them.

• Consider using odor-proof bags or placing sealed bags inside a second bag to minimize odors and leaks.

• Do not open the bag once it has been sealed; keep it sealed until you can dispose of the waste properly.

3. Separate waste from food and clean items

• When urinating or defecating while camping, store menstrual product bags in a separate area, away from food, drinks, and clean clothes.

• Do not place waste bags directly on the ground or near water sources.

• If using a bear box, follow the area's instructions on arrangement and locking.

4. Do not keep waste in the tent if there is a risk of animals

• Do not consider your tent a safe storage place if management has required storing odorous items in animal-resistant containers.

• Wildlife can be attracted to various types of odors, so adhere to local guidelines rather than assuming a product is "odorless."

• When urinating or defecating while hiking in areas with strict wildlife regulations, check the list of items that must be stored in bear-resistant containers beforehand.

5. Pack out waste and dispose of it properly

• After your trip, carry all used menstrual hygiene products out of the natural area if the location does not have an appropriate disposal system.

• Do not bury pads or tampons in catholes, discard them in natural latrines, or leave them on trails.

• The easy-to-remember principle when urinating or defecating outdoors is: seal tightly, store according to regulations, and pack out waste.

Maintain balance when urinating or defecating outdoors

1. Use natural supports when needed

• When urinating or defecating outdoors on uneven terrain, choose a location near a sturdy tree trunk for support while squatting.

• Only use a tree for support if the trunk is stable and free of broken branches, thorns, or surfaces that could cause injury.

• Do not pull, break branches, or damage trees just to create a support point.

2. Adjust your posture to reduce the risk of losing balance

• When squatting to urinate or defecate while camping, you can lean slightly backward and maintain a stable support point if it helps stabilize your posture.

• Place both feet firmly on the ground, avoiding loose rocks, slippery soil, or areas at risk of landslides.

• If the location is not safe enough, find another area instead of attempting to use it.

3. Consider using a urination aid

• Some individuals may choose a female urination device, which helps direct urine flow and limits the need to squat.

• If using a device, clean and store it according to the manufacturer's instructions, and dispose of any single-use products properly.

• When urinating or defecating while hiking, a compact device can be convenient in some situations, but it does not replace the requirement for choosing a safe location and maintaining hygiene.

4. Ask a hiking partner for privacy support

• If traveling in a group, you can ask a friend to stand in a suitable position to block the view while you attend to your needs.

• The supporter should stand far enough away to ensure privacy but still be able to communicate if a problem arises.

• There's no need to go too far from the group just to find a completely private spot, especially if the terrain poses a risk of getting lost or encountering animals.

5. Prioritize safety over convenience

• When urinating or defecating outdoors, the three factors to consider are terrain safety, privacy, and environmental hygiene.

• Do not choose a dangerous location just because it is private or convenient.

• After finishing, dispose of waste according to regulations, collect personal trash, and wash your hands before returning to the group.

References

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). About Handwashing. National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases.
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). Hand Sanitizer Guidelines and Recommendations. National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases.
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). When and How to Clean Hands. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
4. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2026). Menstrual Product Options, Facts, and Safe Use. Center for Devices and Radiological Health.
5. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2024). The Facts on Tampons—and How to Use Them Safely. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
6. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2025). Menstrual Products—Performance Testing and Labeling Recommendations: Draft Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff. Center for Devices and Radiological Health.
7. Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics. (n.d.). Dispose of Waste Properly: Leave No Trace Principles. Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics.
8. National Park Service. (n.d.). Leave No Trace: Dispose of Waste Properly. U.S. Department of the Interior.
9. National Park Service. (n.d.). Human Waste Management in Wilderness. U.S. Department of the Interior.
10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). Hand Sanitizer Facts. National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases.

Content Editor: Rene Lee Nguyen.

Information reviewed and verified by expert: Charlotte Davis.