How to make electronic dance music (EDM) on a computer

Are you passionate about electronic music and want to create your own energetic EDM tracks right on your personal computer? The good news is you can absolutely get started without a professional studio! With the rapid advancement of technology, producing electronic music has become more accessible than ever – even for beginners.

While the first electronic instruments appeared in the 17th century – such as the electric harpsichord or the electric harpsichord – modern electronic music devices truly began with the inventions of Leon Theremin: the etherophone and the rrhicicon. Today, you don't need to be a sound engineer or a professional musician to create an EDM track. Tools once exclusive to recording studios can now be used at home or while performing with a band. The process of arranging, recording, and producing electronic music has also become simpler, more flexible, and more accessible than ever before.

Part 1: Overview of Basic Electronic Musical Instruments & How to Use Them Effectively

Step 1: Create electronic music with a synthesizer.

A synthesizer is a key component in electronic musical instruments, helping to create sounds such as rhythm, melody, and timbre in electronic music.

Key points:

• What is a synthesizer?
  A synthesizer is an electronic sound-producing device, distinct from traditional musical instruments. Although the term "synthesizer" is sometimes used interchangeably with "electronic instrument," it is actually just the sound-generating component inside the instrument.

• The first synthesizer samples
  Early models like the Moog Minimoog could only play one note at a time (called monophonic ). Some models could produce two notes when two keys were pressed simultaneously, but they couldn't play chords or multiple notes at the same time like other instruments.

• Improvement over time
  From the mid-1970s, polyphonic synthesizers (capable of playing multiple notes simultaneously) began to appear, allowing for the creation of both chords and individual notes.

• Easy to use integration
  Previously, the sound generator and the control unit (keys, knobs, etc.) were usually separate. Today, most electronic musical instruments, especially those used at home, have integrated both into a single, more compact and user-friendly device.

Step 2: Control the synthesizer using interactive devices.

To create music with a synthesizer, you need a control device – also known as a controller . Early models used rotary knobs, switches, or, as with Theremin, control via hand gestures in the air. Today, controllers are more user-friendly, using MIDI to communicate with the synthesizer. Here are some popular and interesting types of controllers:

1. Keyboard

• The most common type of controller.

• They come in many sizes: from 25 keys (2 octaves) to 88 keys (7 octaves, like a piano).

• Some have weighted keys that mimic a piano, or lighter keys that use springs.

• The force-sensitive feature allows the volume to be adjusted according to the pressure applied to the key.

2. Mouthpiece/Wind Controller

• It's like a saxophone or a flute.

• Players blow to create sounds, combining this with finger, thumb, or jaw movements to adjust the pitch.

3. MIDI Guitar

• Use software and recording equipment to turn your guitar into a synthesizer controller.

• It records the vibrations of the strings and converts them into electronic data.

• There is often a delay due to the signal processing.

4. SynthAxe (discontinued)

• Special design: the neck is divided into 6 diagonal zones.

• Strings act as sensors. The curvature of the strings affects the sound produced.

5. Keytar

• Combining keyboard and guitar shape.

• The guitar has three octaves of frets on its body, along with tuning knobs on the neck.

• Freedom of movement while performing as a guitarist.

6. Electronic Drum Pads

• It first appeared in 1971.

• It consists of several pads that simulate real drums (including cymbals).

• Modern models generate sound using algorithms, allowing for noise-free playback through headphones.

7. Radio Drum

• Like a "3D mouse".

• Feel the position and movement of the drumsticks in space to create the corresponding sound.

8. BodySynth

• The wearable device controls sound through muscle tension and body movement.

• Designed for dancers and performers.

• Some simpler versions use gloves or shoes as controls.

Part 2: Electronic Music Production Equipment: Studio-Standard Computer & Audio Configuration

Step 1: Choose the right computer for producing electronic music.

If you want to produce professional electronic music, using only electronic instruments isn't enough – you'll need a powerful computer to handle the audio effectively.

1. Choose the right type of machine.

• Desktop computers:
  Suitable if you make music in a fixed location (like a home studio). Desktop computers usually have higher specifications and are easier to upgrade.

• Laptop:
  Ideal if you need to take it with you to make music in various locations – for example, when rehearsing with a band or performing.

2. Which operating system should I use?

• Use Windows or macOS – choose the operating system you're most familiar with.

• You should install the latest version to ensure compatibility with modern music production software.

3. Recommended configuration

• Powerful CPU: Allows for processing multiple effects and virtual instruments simultaneously without stuttering or lag.

• Sufficient RAM: A minimum of 8GB is required, but 16GB or more is ideal for smoothly running professional audio software such as Ableton, FL Studio, or Logic Pro.

• If you're unsure what configuration you need, consider machines specifically designed for music production or gaming – as these two types of machines usually have comparable processing power.

Step 2: Connect the computer with a quality audio device.

You can absolutely start making electronic music with the default speakers and sound chip on your computer. However, if you want better sound quality and more professional production, consider investing in additional audio equipment as follows:

1. Sound card

• Used for better audio recording and processing.

• If you plan on recording from external instruments or microphones, a dedicated sound card is a worthwhile option.

2. Studio monitors

• These are speakers specifically designed for music production, unlike regular speakers used for listening to music.

• They deliver accurate sound with minimal distortion, allowing you to hear every detail in the mix clearly.

• Some popular brands:

  • Affordable prices: M-Audio, KRK Systems

  • High-end: Focal, Genelec, Mackie

3. Studio headphones

• It allows you to clearly hear each small part of the music (beat, bass, vocals, etc.).

• Useful when working in places where using speakers isn't convenient.

• Reputable headphone brands: Beyerdynamic, Sennheiser

Step 3: Install high-quality music production software.

To create effective electronic music, you need to install specialized software. Below are the most basic and essential software programs to help you get started and develop your music production process:

1. Main music production software – DAW (Digital Audio Workstation)

• This is the digital music control center – where you record, mix, edit, and publish music.

• The interface typically mimics an analog studio, with a mixer, audio tracks, and waveform graphs.

• Popular DAWs:

  • Paid software: Ableton Live, FL Studio, Cubase, Logic Pro (macOS only), Pro Tools, Reason, Reaper

  • Free: Ardour, Zynewave Podium

2. Audio editing software

• Allows for more detailed audio editing than a DAW, such as cutting, splicing, noise filtering, and format conversion (e.g., WAV to MP3).

• Software suggestions:

  • Paid service: Sound Forge Audio Studio

  • Free: Audacity

3. Instrument Plugins – VST Synthesizer/Instrument

• These are virtual instruments (synthesizer, drums, guitar, etc.) that you install into your DAW.

• You can find free VSTs by searching for "free soft synths" or "free VSTi".

• Reputable providers: Artvera, HG Fortune, IK Multimedia, Native Instruments, reFX.

4. Effects Plugin – VST Effects

• Create sound effects such as reverb, chorus, delay, etc.

• Both free and paid versions of VST synth are available from various providers.

5. Sample – Pre-recorded audio clip

• Drum beats, melodies, effects, etc., can be inserted into a song to enrich the arrangement.

• They are usually sold in packages organized by genre (rap, rock, EDM, jazz, etc.), or you can find free samples from many online sources.

• Paid samples usually come with a royalty-free commercial license.

Step 4: Consider using a MIDI controller.

Although you can compose music directly using a computer keyboard and mouse (via the virtual keyboard in the software), using a MIDI controller will help you create music more naturally, quickly, and flexibly.

What is a MIDI controller?

• It is a device that sends music control signals to a computer or music production software (DAW).

• It doesn't produce live sound, but it makes it easier for you to play virtual instruments (e.g., piano, synth, drums, etc.).

The most common type: MIDI keyboard

• It's similar to a piano keyboard but connects to a computer via USB or MIDI port.

• It helps you type notes faster and more expressively (intensity, vibrato, emphasis, etc.).

• Some keyboards have additional control buttons, pitch bend controls, or drum pads to manage various sound elements.

Besides the keyboard, you can also use:

• MIDI guitar, electronic drums, wind controller, keytar, body controller, etc.
  (See the previously mentioned section "Electronic Instrument Components".)

Part 3: Preparing Before Producing Electronic Music: Theory & Musical Styles

Step 1: Learn a little music theory to make better music.

You don't need to know how to read sheet music to play an electronic instrument or compose music on a computer. However, having some basic knowledge of music theory will help you:

• Understand how to construct melodies, chords, and rhythms.

• Arrange the mix to be more coherent and appealing.

• It's easier to spot errors in a piece of music.

Essential music theory knowledge you should know:

• Scale: The set of notes used in a song (e.g., C major, A minor...).

• Chord: Combining multiple notes to create a rich sound.

• Rhythm: The arrangement of beats and rhythms in a piece of music.

• Song structure: Understand the intro, verse, chorus, bridge, etc.

Resources for learning music theory:

• YouTube tutorial videos, or short courses on basic music theory.

• Music learning apps include TonedEar, MusicTheory.net, or Simply Piano.

Step 2: Thoroughly understand your music production equipment or software.

Even if you've tried something before buying, taking the time to explore it in more detail will help you get the most out of the capabilities of the device or software you have.

Why is it important to thoroughly familiarize yourself with the project before starting a major one?

• Understand the functionality: Know what your software/hardware can do – from sound effects and virtual instruments to file handling.

• Increased work efficiency: As you become more familiar with the process, you'll work faster, avoiding wasted time spent looking up information midway through.

• Inspiring new ideas: During the exploration process, you might unexpectedly discover interesting effects, sounds, or techniques to apply to your product.

How to do it:

• Try out each feature: Don't hesitate to press buttons, turn knobs, try out the available presets, record short clips, and then listen back.

• Refer to the official instructions: Official videos or PDF documents included with the device/software are often very helpful.

• Find videos or short courses: YouTube has many free tutorials for specific DAWs or instruments.

• Do some small exercises: For example, create a short beat, remix an old song, or create a cover of a favorite song.

Step 3: Get acquainted with the genre of music you want to compose.

Each genre of music has its own style, sound, rhythm, and structure. To compose effectively, you need to listen to and analyze many songs in your favorite genre.

1. Beats and Rhythms

• Rap / Hip-hop: Emphasizes strong, pounding, and clearly repeated drum beats.

• Jazz big band: A fast-paced, rhythmic style with syncopation.

• Country: Often uses a shuffle rhythm, similar to a swaying walk.

2. Characteristic musical instruments (Instrumentation)

• Jazz: Trumpet, trombone, clarinet, saxophone.

• Heavy metal: Electric guitars with a loud, thick sound.

• Hawaiian: Steel guitar (steel guitar).

• Folk: Acoustic guitar.

• Mariachi: Trumpet, guitar, violin.

• Polka: Tuba and accordion.

Many artists innovate by incorporating instruments "outside the genre" to create new styles:
For example:

• Bob Dylan playing electric guitar in folk music (1965).

• Johnny Cash played the trumpet mariachi in "Ring of Fire".

• Ian Anderson used the flute as the main instrument in the rock band Jethro Tull.

3. Song Structure

• Music with lyrics (pop, rock, country...):
  Intro → Verse → Chorus → Verse → Chorus → Bridge → Chorus → Outro

• Instrumental electronic music (e.g., trance):
  Intro → Melody hook → Build-up → Drop (all instruments playing together) → Outro fade

The best way to learn:

• Selective listening: Each time you listen, focus on one element (rhythm, instrument, structure...).

• Note: Common points between songs of the same genre.

• Analyze and try simulating: Practice creating a short piece of music in the style you just learned.

Part 4: 6 Steps to Producing Electronic Music Yourself: From Beat Creation to Mixing and Production

Step 1: Create a rhythm to lay the groundwork for the song.

Rhythm and tempo are the backbone of a piece of music, allowing other elements like melody and lyrics to develop.

First step:

• Build the beat (drum rhythm) first.

• Use the drum and percussion instrument sounds included in the sample pack you have prepared.

Why is this necessary?

• Beat creates a stable rhythm, making it easy to coordinate with other sound elements.

• It helps keep the music coherent, easy to listen to, and engaging.

Tip:

• Try different rhythm styles within your chosen genre.

• Combine various drum sounds to create a lively and engaging beat.

Step 2: Add the bass line.

After completing the drum beat, the next step is to add the bass beat—this could be from a bass guitar or other low-pitched sounds.

Important note:

• Ensure that the bass and drums are in harmony and synchronize with each other in terms of rhythm and tempo.

• The harmonious coordination between the bass and drums provides a solid foundation for the entire song.

After the bass and drums are in sync:

You're just starting to add other instruments, melodies, and effects to complete the piece.

Step 3: Add extra rhythm to make the song more lively.

Not every piece of music has just one main beat. You can add extra beats or background beats to create emphasis and make the song more interesting.

When should you add an extra beat?

• In important sections, such as the chorus or the climax of the song.

• These are times when you want to attract the listener's attention or change the atmosphere.

Note:

• Ensure that the auxiliary rhythm coordinates well with the main rhythm, without causing disruption or loss of rhythm.

• Create the effect you desire, such as increasing the vibrancy or creating a richer soundscape.

Step 4: Add melody and harmony

This is where you use virtual instruments (VST instruments) in your music production software.

How?

• Use pre-set sounds or adjust the parameters yourself to create the tone you desire.

• Create a main melody and additional harmonic layers to enrich the song.

Tip:

• Harmony provides the foundation for the melody, creating emotion and depth in the music.

• Try different sounds to find a unique combination that suits your desired style.

Step 5: Mix the audio and adjust the volume levels accordingly.

To make the song sound harmonious, you need to adjust the volume of the instruments so that the beat, rhythm, and melody blend together.

Making:

• Choose one section as a reference sound (usually the beat) to align the rest of the audio with.

• Sometimes, instead of increasing the volume, you should create a "thicker" sound by layering multiple instruments within the same piece of music or repeating the same instrument multiple times (often used with background vocals or the main vocals, like singer Enya).

Add more variety:

• Change the instruments in different sections of the chorus to create a fresh feeling.

• Varying the pitch keeps the song lively and prevents it from becoming monotonous.

Don't overuse it:

• There's no need to cram in sound in every section of the music.

• For example, in the verse, you can keep the beat, melody, and vocals simple, without needing overly complex harmonies.

• At the beginning and end of the song, vocals alone can be used to create a gentle, focused emotional effect.

Step 6: Understand audience expectations

If you're making electronic music for a general audience, consider what your listeners want and expect from the song.

For example:

• Create a captivating intro to grab their attention from the very first seconds.

• However, you don't have to completely cater to the audience's preferences if your style is different and you don't feel it's appropriate, for example, if you don't want to make the chorus too grandiose.

Author: Timothy Linetsky .