How to position a bedpan for a bedridden patient: 9 steps to use a bedpan at home

When a patient cannot go to the toilet themselves due to illness, injury, or old age, placing a bedpan for the patient not only helps to address their needs for urination and defecation but also reduces the risk of falls and maintains hygiene in bed. However, if the bedpan is placed incorrectly, the patient may experience pain, discomfort, or even slip or injure sensitive skin areas.

For caregivers, this can also be a confusing task, especially when caring for bedridden patients or those who require full assistance. Using the correct type of bedpan for the elderly, placing it in the right position, and performing gentle maneuvers will help the patient feel safer, more private, and more comfortable. In this article, Tiptory provides simple, correct procedural instructions that caregivers can apply at home.

Proper Bedpan Placement for Patients

1. Identify the correct orientation of the bedpan

• Place the lower end of the bedpan towards the patient's buttocks, with the higher part pointing towards the space between their legs.

• Ensure the bedpan is stable, not tilted, or misaligned before the patient uses it.

• For bedpans for the elderly or patients who are bedridden for extended periods, choosing a type suitable for their physique will help reduce pressure and increase comfort.

2. Assist the patient in lifting their hips

• If the patient still has enough mobility, instruct them to bend their knees and gently lift their hips.

• As the patient lifts their hips, gently slide the bedpan under their buttocks and adjust it to the correct position.

• Perform the steps slowly, announcing each one in advance to allow the patient to cooperate and minimize pain or loss of balance.

3. What to do when the patient cannot lift their hips

• If the patient is weak, unable to lift their hips independently, or is bedridden, do not force the bedpan under their body.

• Gently assist the patient to turn to one side, while maintaining body stability.

• Place the bedpan close to the required position, then slowly help the patient return to a supine position so that their buttocks are properly on the bedpan.

• This method is often used when placing a bedpan for bedridden patients and when minimizing excessive lifting of the body is necessary.

4. Check before the patient uses the bedpan

• Ensure the bedpan is correctly positioned, not shifted, and the patient feels relatively comfortable.

• Maintain the patient's stable position and ensure privacy during urination or defecation.

• For patients requiring complete assistance, the caregiver should observe and be ready to help if the patient needs to change position.

5. Perform gently and respectfully towards the patient

• When caring for bedridden patients, it is crucial not only to place the bedpan correctly but also to reduce feelings of embarrassment, pain, and loss of control for the patient.

• Always explain briefly before touching or changing the patient's position.

• If unusual pain, significant discomfort, or inability to place the bedpan correctly occurs, stop the procedure and reassess the position before continuing.

Part 1: Preparing Equipment for Bedpan Placement

Step 1: Explain before placing the bedpan

1. Greet and clearly explain the upcoming procedure

• Before placing the bedpan for the patient, the caregiver should greet, identify the patient, and briefly explain that they will be assisting them with using the bedpan.

• Explaining each step beforehand helps the patient know what to expect, reducing feelings of surprise or anxiety. Nursing care guidelines also emphasize explaining the procedure and communicating with the patient before execution.

• You can simply say: "I will assist you with the bedpan and help you maintain a comfortable position. Please let me know immediately if you feel any pain or discomfort."

2. Create a sense of reassurance and respect

• Using a bedpan can be embarrassing for patients, especially the elderly, weak, or bedridden individuals. Therefore, a calm, patient, and discreet demeanor is as important as technical skill.

• Avoid showing haste, annoyance, or making comments about odors, waste, or the patient's hygiene condition.

• When caring for bedridden patients, let them know they can ask to stop if they experience pain, discomfort, or need a position change.

3. Ensure privacy before proceeding

• Close curtains or doors if appropriate, limiting unnecessary individuals in the care area.

• Cover unnecessary body parts to prevent excessive exposure of the patient.

• Patient care guidelines consider maintaining privacy, dignity, and discretion as a crucial part of care when using bedpans or assisting with personal hygiene.

4. Encourage patient cooperation

• Ask the patient if they experience pain, dizziness, or discomfort before changing their position.

• Announce before touching the body or moving the patient to encourage their active cooperation.

If the patient has difficulty hearing, speaking, understanding, or communicating, explanations should be adjusted to allow them to comprehend and express their needs. Clear communication tailored to the patient's abilities is an important principle in safe care.

5. Do not turn bedpan use into a shameful experience

• Caregivers should view this as a normal physiological need and focus on the patient's safety and comfort.

• For bedpans for the elderly or those requiring full assistance, prioritize gentle maneuvers, brief explanations, and maintain respect throughout the process.

• The goal is not only to place the bedpan correctly but also to help the patient feel respected and maintain some control over their personal care.

Step 2: Hand hygiene before bedpan placement

1. Hand hygiene before patient care

• Before placing the bedpan for the patient, perform hand hygiene to reduce the risk of introducing bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens to the skin and care environment.

• Hands can be washed with soap and clean water. The CDC recommends scrubbing the entire hands, between fingers, and under nails for at least 20 seconds, then rinsing thoroughly and drying.

• There is no need to use excessively hot water. Warm or cool water can be used; excessively hot water can dry and irritate the skin.

2. Wear disposable gloves when contact with waste is expected

• After hand hygiene, wear disposable gloves before assisting the patient with urination, defecation, or handling a bedpan for the elderly.

• Gloves create a protective barrier when there is potential contact with feces, urine, bodily fluids, or contaminated surfaces.

• Choose gloves that fit the hand size and are not torn or punctured.

3. Do not consider gloves a substitute for hand hygiene

• Even when wearing gloves, caregivers still need to perform hand hygiene before putting on and immediately after removing gloves.

• Do not wash or reuse disposable gloves. If gloves become soiled, torn, or need to be changed from a dirty to a clean area, change gloves to prevent cross-contamination.

4. Pay special attention when caring for bedridden patients

• When caring for bedridden patients, proper hand hygiene and glove use protect both the patient and the caregiver, especially during procedures involving contact with waste.

• After bedpan use is complete, carefully remove gloves to avoid touching the outer surface of the gloves, dispose of them correctly, and then perform hand hygiene again.

• This procedure should be consistently followed every time assistance is provided, rather than only when visible soiling is present. The CDC considers hand hygiene one of the most important measures to prevent the transmission of infectious agents in healthcare.

Step 3: Ensure privacy when using the bedpan

1. Create a private space before placing the bedpan

• Before placing the bedpan for the patient, close the room door or draw curtains to limit others from observing the care process.

• If the patient is in a shared room, draw curtains between beds to create a private space.

• Patient care guidelines emphasize that privacy and dignity must be maintained throughout assistance with personal hygiene and bedpan use.

2. Cover the patient's body

• Use a clean blanket or sheet to cover the patient's legs and body during preparation.

• Only expose the necessary body area when starting to place the bedpan for the elderly or assisting with toileting.

• Using blankets, sheets, clothing, or screens to limit body exposure is a recommended measure to protect the patient's modesty and dignity.

3. Limit the presence of unnecessary individuals

• Only essential personnel should be present during the process of assisting with caring for bedridden patients.

• If family members or visitors not involved in care are present, they may be asked to temporarily leave to make the patient feel more comfortable.

• At the same time, the patient's wishes should be asked and respected within safe limits.

4. Maintain privacy throughout the entire process

• Do not open curtains or leave the door open just because the bedpan has been placed. Continue to maintain discretion until the patient has finished using the bedpan and has been assisted with personal hygiene.

• If the patient can perform part of the task independently, create conditions for them to maintain an appropriate level of independence rather than providing excessive assistance.

• For patients requiring observation for safety reasons, ensuring privacy still needs to be balanced with the risk of falls or other health issues.

5. Prioritize comfort and dignity

• Using a bedpan can make patients feel embarrassed or self-conscious. Therefore, caregivers should maintain a calm, discreet attitude and avoid showing annoyance.

• After the patient uses the bedpan for the elderly, assist with hygiene and promptly remove the bedpan to reduce feelings of shame and maintain a clean care environment.

• The goal of caring for bedridden patients is not only to meet toileting needs but also to help patients feel respected, safe, and maintain their dignity during private activities.

Step 4: Protect bed linens before placing the bedpan

1. Place a protective pad under the patient

• Before placing the bedpan for the patient, place a waterproof pad, a hygiene pad, or a clean towel under the buttocks area.

• The pad should be on top of the bed sheet, covering enough of the area under the buttocks and upper thighs to prevent urine or feces from soiling the sheet.

• Nursing guidelines on bedpan use also recommend placing a pad under the perineal and gluteal area as a barrier to protect bed linens.

2. Prioritize easily cleanable materials

• If possible, use specialized absorbent pads with waterproof capabilities instead of just thin cloth towels.

• For bedpans for the elderly or patients who use a bedpan frequently, waterproof pads help reduce the workload of changing sheets and cleaning the bed after each use.

• Do not allow the pad to wrinkle or fold into hard creases under the patient, as this can cause discomfort and increase pressure on the skin during prolonged lying.

3. Check the pad before proceeding

• Ensure the pad lies flat, is not shifted, and still covers the area prone to soiling.

• If the pad is already wet or soiled before use, it should be replaced with a clean one.

• When caring for bedridden patients, keeping the skin area and bed surface dry and clean is particularly important because patients are less able to change position themselves or handle moisture and dirt.

4. Address soiled sheets or pads immediately

• If feces, urine, or bodily fluids leak outside the bedpan and soil the sheets, address it promptly rather than allowing the waste to remain in contact with the skin or bed surface for an extended period.

• The CDC recommends immediately cleaning areas contaminated with blood or bodily fluids and managing soiled linens according to appropriate procedures to reduce the risk of spreading pathogens.

• When changing soiled sheets, avoid shaking them vigorously or bringing them close to the body; roll them up neatly and place them in a bag or appropriate container for soiled laundry.

5. Combine linen protection with correct positioning

• The pad only serves to help protect the bed; it does not replace correct bedpan placement.

• After placing the bedpan, check that the patient's buttocks are firmly on the bedpan and that the bedpan is not shifted. Incorrect placement can cause waste to overflow and soil the sheets.

Step 5: Warm the bedpan before use

1. Warm the bedpan for greater patient comfort

• Before placing the bedpan for the patient, it can be rinsed with warm water to reduce the cold sensation when the bedpan touches the skin.

• Pour warm water into the bedpan for a few minutes, then empty all the water and dry the inside before use.

• A survey of 431 healthcare professionals showed that 83% of participants believed that frequent or very frequent bedpan discomfort could contribute to ineffective toileting for patients. This indicates that bedpan comfort is a noteworthy factor when caring for bedridden patients.

2. Check the temperature before placing the bedpan

• Do not use the bedpan if it is too hot. After rinsing with warm water, empty the water and check the bedpan surface before it comes into contact with the patient's skin.

• For the elderly, those with thin skin, reduced sensation, or who are weak, special caution is needed as they may have difficulty perceiving an overly hot bedpan.

• A basic principle of care is that the temperature must be warm and comfortable, not causing burns or skin irritation. Nursing literature also recommends checking the water temperature before use in bedside care.

3. Special consideration for metal bedpans

• Metal bedpans for the elderly can retain heat longer after contact with hot water.

• Do not use boiling or excessively hot water to warm the bedpan.

• After warming, directly check to ensure the bedpan surface does not cause burns or discomfort before placing the bedpan for the patient.

4. Dry the bedpan before use

• After emptying the water, thoroughly dry all parts that will contact the patient.

• Do not leave water pooled in the bedpan, as this can reduce comfort and dilute waste, making it difficult if observation or measurement of output is required.

• Ensure the bedpan is clean and dry before use; cleaning the bedpan after each use is also part of safe care procedures.

5. Prioritize comfort but do not prolong usage time

• Warming the bedpan is merely a measure to enhance comfort; it does not replace choosing the correct type of bedpan and placing it in the correct position.

• Patients should not remain on the bedpan longer than necessary. Prolonged use of a bedpan can increase pressure on the skin and is associated with a risk of skin damage, pressure ulcers, or nerve damage.

Step 6: Do not use talc for bedpan placement

1. Do not automatically sprinkle talc on the bedpan rim

• Older care instructions often suggested sprinkling a thin layer of talc powder on the bedpan rim to help it slide easily under the patient.

• However, in current home care practices, experts do not recommend this as a mandatory step when placing a bedpan for patients.

• Specifically, talc should not be sprinkled directly on the buttocks, genitals, or on moist or damaged skin areas.

2. Absolutely do not use on areas with wounds

• Do not use talc if the patient has pressure ulcers, cuts, abrasions, dermatitis, or open wounds on the buttocks.

• Bedridden patients have a higher risk of skin damage due to immobility, prolonged pressure, and exposure to moisture. AHRQ recommends regular skin checks to detect early signs of pressure injuries and moisture-associated skin damage.

• If persistent redness, blistering, skin erosion, or ulcers are found, prioritize appropriate skin assessment and care instead of trying to make the bedpan slide more easily.

3. Prioritize low-friction bedpan placement methods

• Instead of relying on talc powder, focus on proper posture and movement techniques.

• When the patient can cooperate, instruct them to bend their knees and gently lift their hips to slide the bedpan underneath.

• If the patient cannot lift their hips, assist them in rolling to one side and then position the bedpan correctly. This helps prevent dragging the bedpan across the skin and reduces unnecessary friction.

4. Be cautious with fine particulate talc powder

• Talc can create dust when sprinkled. The FDA notes that talc may carry a risk of asbestos contamination if the source material is not controlled, and asbestos is a carcinogen when inhaled.

• Therefore, if a household still uses talc-containing products for personal care purposes, avoid creating dust and prevent the patient from inhaling the powder.

• Talc should not be used as a substitute for proper technique when placing a bedpan for the elderly.

5. Check skin after bedpan use

• After the patient uses the bedpan, check the buttocks and skin areas that came into contact with the bedpan for redness, pain, abrasions, or any abnormalities.

• For care of bedridden patients, skin condition should be monitored regularly, especially in pressure areas such as the buttocks and sacrum. AHRQ recommends periodic skin assessment and integrating checks into daily care activities.

• If skin damage is present or the patient experiences significant pain during bedpan placement, the procedure should be stopped, and a healthcare professional consulted for appropriate guidance.

Step 7: Prepare the bottom of the bedpan for easy cleaning

1. Only a thin layer at the bottom of the bedpan is needed

• Before placing the bedpan for the patient, a small amount of clean water can be poured into the bedpan, just enough to cover the bottom.

• The main purpose is to prevent waste from sticking directly to the bedpan surface, thereby making cleaning easier after use.

• Do not pour too much water as it may increase the risk of spillage during movement or repositioning.

2. Toilet paper can be used as an alternative

• In home care settings, a few layers of toilet paper can be placed at the bottom of the bedpan before use.

• After the patient uses the bedpan, the paper can help prevent waste from sticking directly to the bedpan surface and make cleanup easier.

• For bedpans for the elderly, prioritize those with a suitable design that is easy to handle and clean, rather than relying solely on tips for preparing the bedpan bottom.

3. No need to use spray oil if unsuitable

• Some home care guides mention spraying a small amount of vegetable oil on the bottom of the bedpan to prevent waste from sticking.

• However, this is not a mandatory step and the possibility of making the bedpan surface slippery, especially when the caregiver has to hold or move the bedpan, should be considered.

• If using a cleaning aid, ensure the product does not cause irritation and does not affect the bedpan material.

4. Prioritize safety when preparing the bedpan

• Do not allow water, paper, or any material to obstruct proper bedpan placement.

• After placing the bedpan for the patient, check that it is stable under the buttocks and not tilted or shifted.

• If the patient is weak or unable to lift their hips, assist with repositioning instead of trying to slide the bedpan under the body.

5. Clean the bedpan immediately after use

• After the patient uses the bedpan, dispose of waste properly and clean the bedpan as soon as possible.

• Wash the bedpan with water and appropriate detergent, then dry it before storing or using it again.

• When caring for bedridden patients, keeping the bedpan clean and dry helps reduce odor, limit environmental contamination, and create a more comfortable experience for the patient.

Step 8: Prepare the patient before bedpan placement

1. Instruct the patient to prepare themselves if possible

• Once the bedpan and necessary items are ready, gently instruct the patient to remove their lower clothing.

• Encourage the patient to do as much as they can to maintain their independence and privacy.

• When caring for bedridden patients, do not ask them to exert themselves too much or change position on their own if they lack the ability to move.

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2. Assist when the patient cannot remove clothing themselves

• If the patient is weak or has limited mobility, the caregiver should assist slowly, explaining each step beforehand.

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• Perform gently to avoid stretching the skin, causing pain, or making the patient lose balance.

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• When placing a bedpan for a bedridden patient, limit unnecessary lifting or turning movements.

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3. Handle gowns or clothing appropriately

• If the patient is wearing a hospital gown that opens at the back, it can be kept in place and only the necessary part adjusted.

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• If the gown does not open at the back, gently pull it up above the waist before starting to place the bedpan for the elderly.

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• Only expose the necessary body area, avoiding excessive exposure of the patient.

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4. Keep the body covered

• After preparation, pull the sheet or blanket back over the unnecessary body part to maintain privacy.

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• Only open the necessary part of the blanket just before positioning the bedpan.

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• Keeping the body covered helps the patient feel private and respected, especially when needing assistance with a personal bodily function.

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5. Check readiness before bedpan placement

• Ask the patient if they are ready and if they experience pain, dizziness, or discomfort.

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• Ensure the bedpan, gloves, underpad, and all necessary items are within reach so that you don't have to leave the patient midway.

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• If the patient cannot cooperate or experiences unusual pain when changing position, stop and assess the situation before proceeding.

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Part 2: Instructions on how to properly place a bedpan

Step 1: Lower the bed to reduce the risk of falls

1. Lower the bed to a safe low level

• Before placing the bedpan for the patient, lower the bed to an appropriate low level to reduce the distance from the patient's body to the floor in case of an accidental slip or fall.

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• Check that the bed is stable and lock the wheels before assisting the patient with repositioning.

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• This is an important step when caring for bedridden patients, especially those with muscle weakness, balance issues, or who need assistance with movement.

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2. Adjust the head of the bed appropriately

• The head of the bed can be lowered if the patient's health condition allows, making it easier for the patient to bend their knees, lift their hips, or roll to the side when needed.

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• Do not lower the head of the bed mechanically. If the patient has difficulty breathing, is instructed to keep their head elevated, or cannot tolerate a flat position, maintain an appropriate position and consult medical staff.

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• When placing a bedpan for the elderly, prioritize a position that is both safe and allows the patient to cooperate with the caregiver.

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3. Lock the wheels before repositioning

• Ensure the bed wheels are locked before the patient bends their legs, lifts their hips, or rolls to one side.

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• Do not allow the bed to move while the bedpan is being placed under the body, as this can cause the patient to lose balance or misalign the bedpan.

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• If using a hospital bed with a lifting mechanism, the caregiver should become familiar with the locking and adjustment mechanisms before starting.

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4. Do not rely solely on lowering the bed to prevent falls

• Lowering the bed helps reduce the severity of injuries if a fall occurs but does not completely eliminate the risk.

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• Always stay close to the patient when they are repositioning or at risk of slipping off the bed.

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• Do not allow the patient to stand up or get out of bed on their own if they are weak, dizzy, or unable to move independently.

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5. Adjust according to the patient's actual condition

• For patients who can cooperate, instruct them to perform each movement slowly.

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• For patients who cannot lift their hips or turn themselves, use appropriate assistance techniques instead of asking them to exert themselves.

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• If the patient experiences pain, dizziness, shortness of breath, or any unusual symptoms when the head of the bed is lowered, stop the procedure and reassess the situation before continuing to place the bedpan for the bedridden patient.

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Step 2: Correct lying posture before bedpan placement

1. Instruct the patient to lie on their back

• Once the bed is lowered and fully prepared, instruct the patient to lie on their back if their health condition allows.

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• This position helps the caregiver easily place the bedpan for the elderly correctly and check its stability.

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• Before changing position, it is advisable to inform the patient so they are aware and can cooperate.

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2. Bend knees and place feet flat on the mattress

• Instruct the patient to bend both knees, while placing their feet flat and firmly on the mattress surface.

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• This position provides leverage for the patient to gently lift their hips when placing the bedpan for the patient, if they still have enough mobility.

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• Do not ask the patient to try to lift their hips if they are in pain, have muscle weakness, or cannot control their body independently.

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3. Assist patients who cannot maintain the position themselves

• For weak patients or those in bedridden care, the caregiver needs to assist with positioning instead of forcing the patient to perform movements.

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• If the patient cannot lie on their back safely, experiences pain, or has an instruction to maintain a different position, do not change their position without medical advice.

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• If turning is necessary, perform it slowly, coordinating with the patient, and keeping the body stable to prevent slipping or skin damage.

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4. Check stability before placing the bedpan

• Ensure both feet are not slipping on the mattress and the knees are in a position the patient finds comfortable.

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• Check that the bed wheels are locked and the bed is at an appropriate height.

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• Ask the patient if they feel pain, dizziness, or discomfort before continuing to place the bedpan for the bedridden patient.

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5. Prioritize safety over rigidly maintaining a posture

• The position of lying on the back with bent knees and feet on the mattress is suitable for patients who can cooperate, but not all patients can perform it.

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• For patients with severe mobility limitations, the most important goal is to keep the body stable, avoid dragging on the mattress, and reduce pressure on sensitive skin areas.

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• If repositioning causes unusual pain or difficulty, stop and consult medical staff for appropriate techniques.

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Step 3: Place the bedpan near the patient before moving

1. Place the bedpan within easy reach

• Place the clean bedpan for the elderly right next to the patient's hip, on the side of the bed where you will be working.

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• Keep the bedpan as close to the intended placement area as possible, but do not let it touch the patient or obstruct repositioning.

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• Preparing the bedpan before moving the patient helps shorten the procedure time and reduce the number of repositioning steps.

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2. Place the bedpan nearby before assisting the patient to lift or roll

• If the patient can still lift their hips, the bedpan should be within reach so it can be placed immediately when they lift their hips.

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• If the patient cannot lift their hips independently, the bedpan needs to be close to their hip before assisting them to roll to one side.

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• This preparation method is particularly useful when caring for bedridden patients, as each repositioning can cause fatigue or pain.

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3. Check the bedpan before placing it under the body

• Ensure the bedpan is clean, dry, free of cracks, and has no sharp edges that could cause skin damage.

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• If using an underpad or preparing a thin layer of water at the bottom of the bedpan, this should be done before bringing the bedpan to the patient's side.

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• When placing a bedpan for a bedridden patient, choose a bedpan size that is appropriate for the patient's body and mobility.

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4. Do not let the patient reach for the bedpan themselves if there is a risk of falling

• Weak, dizzy, or mobility-impaired patients should not have to turn or reach too far for the bedpan.

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• The caregiver should proactively bring the bedpan to the necessary position instead of asking the patient to move excessively.

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• Throughout the process, keep the patient stable and prevent them from sitting up or standing if they are not capable.

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5. Prior preparation helps reduce pressure on the patient

• Bringing the bedpan close before repositioning helps reduce the distance to move and limits the number of lifts and turns.

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• This is particularly important when placing a bedpan for patients who are weak, in pain, or highly dependent on the caregiver.

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• Once the bedpan is in a convenient position, continue to guide the patient step-by-step to gently and safely position the bedpan correctly.

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Step 4: Assist with hip lift or rolling

1. Assess mobility before moving

• Before placing the bedpan for the patient, determine the extent to which the patient can bend their knees, lift their hips, or roll themselves.

• Do not ask the patient to perform movements beyond their capabilities. For those who are weak, in pain, or caring for a bedridden person, prioritize assistive techniques rather than trying to lift the body with the caregiver's strength.

• Ensure the bed wheels are locked and the bedpan is placed close to the patient's hips.

2. If the patient can lift their hips

• Instruct the patient to bend their knees, place their feet firmly on the mattress, and prepare to lift their hips.

• Count slowly "1, 2, 3" for the patient and caregiver to coordinate simultaneously.

• Place one hand under the lower back to provide slight support and keep the body stable.

• Do not use your hands to lift the entire body weight. If the patient cannot lift their hips independently, switch to the side-lying method.

3. If the patient cannot lift their hips

• Gently help the patient roll to the side opposite the caregiver.

• Keep the shoulders and hip area stable while turning, performing the movement slowly to minimize pain and friction on the skin.

• Ensure the patient does not roll onto their stomach or slide off the edge of the bed.

• For bedpans for the elderly, the side-lying technique is often more suitable when the patient is unable to lift their hips.

4. Avoid dragging the patient on the mattress

• Do not forcefully pull the patient by hand or directly pull the shoulders, arms, or legs.

• Friction and pulling can damage the skin, especially in long-term bedridden individuals, the elderly, or those with fragile skin.

• If the patient needs to be moved more than one person can manage, ask for additional assistance or use appropriate transfer equipment.

5. Prioritize safety throughout the process

• Always keep the patient within the safe area of the bed and avoid letting their body get too close to the edge of the bed.

• If the patient experiences dizziness, sudden pain, difficulty breathing, or cannot cooperate, stop the procedure and return them to a safe position.

• The goal of placing a bedpan for a bedridden patient is to position the bedpan correctly with as little lifting, pulling, and turning as possible, while protecting the patient's skin and comfort.



Step 5: Place the bedpan correctly under the buttocks

1. Slide the bedpan under the patient's buttocks

• When placing a bedpan for a patient, slide the bedpan snugly under the buttocks, with the wider end facing the head of the bed and the narrower end facing the feet. This is the orientation used in nursing guidelines for bedpan placement.

• Slide the bedpan slowly, avoiding force to push or pull it under the body, as this can cause pain and skin damage.

2. If the patient can lift their hips independently

• Instruct the patient to bend their knees, place their feet firmly on the mattress, and lift their hips on count.

• Once the hips are lifted, gently slide the bedpan under the buttocks, then guide the patient to slowly lower themselves onto the bedpan.

• You can use your hand to lightly support the hip or back area to maintain balance, but do not attempt to lift the patient's entire body weight.

• After the patient has lowered themselves, check to ensure the bedpan for the elderly is stable and the buttocks are fully placed on the bedpan.

3. If the patient cannot lift their hips

• Assist the patient to roll onto one side, positioning the buttocks towards the caregiver if this technique is suitable for their condition.

• Place the bedpan close to the buttocks while the patient is lying on their side, then hold the bedpan steady and gently assist the patient back to a supine position.

• When the patient is back in the supine position, check that the buttocks are firmly on the bedpan and the bedpan has not shifted.

• Do not try to force the bedpan under the buttocks. If lifting or turning the patient cannot be done safely by one person, ask for additional assistance or use appropriate transfer equipment.

4. Check the position before allowing the patient to use it

• Ensure the bedpan is centered under the buttocks, not tilted, and not placed too close to the edge of the bed.

• For caring for a bedridden person, check the skin area in contact with the bedpan to prevent the bedpan's edge from pressing on one spot for too long.

• Adjust pillows or the head of the bed to make the patient more comfortable, if not contraindicated. Nursing guidelines recommend a moderately elevated head-of-bed position when the patient uses a bedpan to facilitate urination or defecation.

5. Do not leave the patient on the bedpan for too long

• After placing the bedpan for the bedridden patient, ensure the call bell or communication device is within reach if the patient needs assistance.

• Patients should not remain on the bedpan longer than necessary, as prolonged pressure can cause pain, skin damage, pressure sores, or nerve damage.

• If the patient experiences pain, numbness, dizziness, or if the bedpan shifts during use, provide immediate assistance instead of asking them to maintain the position.



Step 6: Elevate the head of the bed for toileting

1. Slowly raise the head of the bed

• After placing the bedpan for the patient correctly, slowly raise the head of the bed to bring the patient into a semi-sitting position, which is more natural for urination or defecation.

• Nursing guidelines recommend raising the head of the bed to a Semi-Fowler's position, usually at least about 30 degrees if the patient's condition allows. This position helps create a more favorable position for elimination.

• Do not raise too quickly or abruptly, as this can cause the patient to become dizzy, uncomfortable, or slide down towards the foot of the bed.

2. Adjust according to the patient's ability

• Ask the patient if the new position is comfortable or if it causes pain, shortness of breath, or dizziness.

• When caring for a bedridden person, pay special attention to the patient's ability to maintain the position and do not raise the head of the bed without permission if they have contraindications regarding position.

• If the patient cannot tolerate an elevated position, adjust it to a lower level while still ensuring safe toileting capabilities.

3. Help the patient maintain a stable position

• Place a suitable pillow behind the lower back for increased comfort and support.

• Check that the patient remains centered on the bed and does not slide towards the foot of the bed when the head of the bed is raised.

• If the patient is at risk of sliding or skin damage, limit raising the head of the bed higher than necessary. Pressure ulcer prevention guidelines note that a higher head-of-bed angle can increase pressure and shear force on the skin in contact with the bed.

4. Place necessary items within reach

• Place toilet paper, wipes, and the call bell within the patient's reach if they can use them independently.

• Instruct the patient not to stand up or leave the bed without assistance if there is a risk of falling.

• For bedpans for the elderly, keeping the call bell within reach is especially important so the patient can request assistance after toileting.

5. Do not leave the patient on the bedpan for too long

• Once the patient is in a comfortable position, give them privacy for toileting but maintain the ability to call for help.

• When the patient indicates they are finished, assist in removing the bedpan promptly and gently to limit prolonged pressure on the buttocks and skin.

• If pain, numbness, dizziness, or unusual discomfort occurs, provide immediate assistance instead of allowing the patient to continue lying on the bedpan.



Step 7: Verify the bedpan is correctly positioned

1. Check the bedpan's position

• After placing the bedpan for the patient, recheck to ensure the bedpan is stable and the buttocks are fully on it.

• Gently instruct the patient to spread their legs slightly if they can do so safely. This helps the caregiver observe and confirm the bedpan's position without moving the patient too much.

• Do not ask the patient to perform movements if they are in pain, weak, or cannot control their legs independently.

2. Ensure the bedpan supports the correct area of the buttocks

• The buttocks should be entirely within the bedpan's contact area, avoiding situations where only a portion of the buttocks is on the bedpan.

• Check that the bedpan's edge does not press strongly on sensitive skin areas or cause pain.

• For bedpans for the elderly, the size and shape of the bedpan should fit the body to reduce the risk of it shifting when the patient changes position.

3. Check if the bedpan has shifted

• Ensure the bedpan is balanced, not tilted to one side, and does not slide out of position when the patient is lying still.

• If the bedpan has shifted, do not try to pull it when the patient's weight is on it. Instead, help the patient adjust their position appropriately, then reposition the bedpan.

• When caring for a bedridden person, checking the bedpan's position is even more critical because the patient often cannot sense or adjust it themselves if it shifts.

4. Ask the patient about their comfort when the bedpan is in place

• Ask the patient if the bedpan causes pain, pinching, numbness, or discomfort.

• If there is pain or any unusual sensation, adjust it immediately instead of letting the patient try to endure it.

• The patient needs to know that they can inform the caregiver at any time if the position is uncomfortable.

5. Final check before allowing the patient to use it

• Confirm that the bedpan is firmly under the entire buttocks area, the patient is in a stable position, and the head of the bed has been adjusted appropriately.

• Place the call bell or communication device within reach if the patient needs assistance.

• Once everything is confirmed stable, provide privacy for the patient but ensure quick assistance is available when needed.



Step 8: Place toilet paper and call bell within reach

1. Place toilet paper within reach

• After placing the bedpan for the patient, position the toilet paper where the patient can easily reach it without having to twist their body or sit up.

• Clearly tell the patient where the toilet paper is so they can use it independently if able.

• For weak or bedridden patients, do not ask them to reach too far, as it could cause them to lose balance or shift the bedpan.

2. Prepare wipes

• You can place appropriate wet wipes or disposable wipes for the patient to clean their hands after toileting.

• If using wipes, choose gentle, non-irritating types, especially for the elderly or those with sensitive skin.

• After assisting the patient, the caregiver still needs to perform proper hand hygiene.

• 3. Place the call bell or communication device near the patient

• Place the call bell, pull cord, or signal device within reach, preferably on the side the patient can easily use.

• Instruct the patient to press the bell or call the caregiver when they have finished toileting or need assistance.

• For bedpans for the elderly, this step is especially important if the patient is at risk of falling or cannot remove the bedpan themselves.

4. Instruct the patient not to stand up if it is not safe

• If the patient is weak, dizzy, or needs assistance with movement, remind them not to leave the bed independently just to get paper, call the caregiver, or remove the bedpan.

• When a change in position or removal of the bedpan for the patient is needed, they should use the call bell for assistance.

• This helps reduce the risk of falls, especially in the elderly and those with limited mobility.

5. Provide privacy but do not abandon the patient

• After checking that all items are within reach, create a private space for the patient to toilet.

• However, the caregiver must maintain the ability to hear or receive calls for assistance.

• When the patient indicates they are finished, assist in removing the bedpan and performing personal hygiene promptly, avoiding leaving the patient on the bedpan for too long.



Step 9: Provide privacy while ensuring safety

1. Step back to give the patient personal space

• After placing the bedpan for the patient correctly and ensuring everything is safe, the caregiver can step back a suitable distance to allow the patient to toilet in privacy.

• Clearly state that you will return to check in a few minutes so the patient knows they are not abandoned.

• For many people, toileting is a private activity; maintaining appropriate distance helps reduce embarrassment and preserves the patient's dignity.

2. Instruct the patient to use the call bell

• Remind the patient to press the bell, pull the call cord, or use the signal device as soon as they have finished toileting or need assistance.

• Ensure the call device is within reach before leaving the bedside.

• For bedpans for the elderly, this step is especially important if the patient cannot remove the bedpan themselves or is at risk of falling.

3. Do not leave the patient if it is not safe

• Do not leave the room if the patient is at high risk of falling, confused, unable to use the call bell, or requires continuous supervision.

• Weak patients, those caring for a bedridden person, or those unable to control their position may need the caregiver to remain nearby throughout the process.

• If you need to stay, maintain discretion by drawing curtains, closing the door, or standing in a position that limits direct visibility but still allows for immediate assistance when needed.

4. Do not let the patient stand up independently

• Instruct the patient not to stand up, get out of bed, or try to remove the bedpan if they do not have sufficient mobility.

• Standing up when weak or still dizzy after toileting can increase the risk of losing balance and falling.

• When the patient needs assistance, ask them to call the caregiver instead of moving independently.

5. Check back at the right time

• If the patient can use the bedpan safely on their own, check back after a short period or immediately upon receiving a signal.

• When returning, ask the patient if they have finished toileting, and if they have any pain or discomfort before removing the bedpan.

• Patients should not remain on the bedpan longer than necessary, as prolonged pressure on the buttocks can cause discomfort and increase the risk of skin damage, especially when caring for a bedridden person.



Part 3: How to safely remove the bedpan without spills

Step 1: Change gloves and wash hands at the right time

1. Remove gloves immediately after completing the procedure

• After leaving the patient, remove disposable gloves if they were used during bedpan placement or if there is a risk of contamination.

• Avoid touching the outside of the glove with bare hands when removing them to prevent transferring contaminants to the skin.

• Dispose of gloves in an appropriate waste bin; do not wash or reuse disposable gloves.

2. Hand hygiene immediately after removing gloves

• After removing gloves, wash hands with soap and water, especially if hands may have come into contact with feces, urine, or body fluids.

• The CDC recommends hand hygiene after removing gloves because gloves do not completely eliminate the risk of hand contamination.

• Thoroughly scrub palms, backs of hands, between fingers, and fingertips, then dry with a clean towel.

3. Wash hands again before returning to assist the patient

• If several minutes have passed since leaving the patient, wash your hands again before continuing care.

• Then put on a new, clean, and properly sized disposable pair of gloves.

• Changing gloves is especially important when preparing to remove the bedpan for the patient, cleaning the gluteal area, or coming into contact with waste.

4. Do not use the same pair of gloves for multiple steps

• Do not continue to use gloves that have come into contact with bedpans, waste, or dirty surfaces to touch the body, clean items, or the patient's surroundings.

• Gloves can be contaminated in ways that are not visible to the naked eye, so gloves should be changed when transitioning from a dirty task to a clean task.

• When caring for bedridden patients, adhering to hand hygiene and glove changing principles helps limit cross-contamination during the care process.

5. Prioritize hand hygiene even if not visibly dirty

• If hands are not visibly dirty, alcohol-based hand sanitizer can be used in many common care situations.

• When hands are visibly dirty or after direct contact with waste, wash hands with soap and water.

• This is a simple but important step to protect both the patient and caregiver when using a bedpan for the elderly.



Step 2: Return to check on the patient in time

1. Return immediately when the patient calls

• When a signal is received from a bell, call cord, or verbal call, the caregiver should return promptly to assist the patient.

• When placing a bedpan for the patient, the patient should not be left waiting for a long time after toileting, especially if they cannot remove the bedpan or clean themselves.

• Before returning, prepare all necessary items such as warm water, soap, toilet paper, and disposable wipes.

2. Prepare warm water and hygiene tools

• Water should be comfortably warm, not too hot, to avoid burns or skin irritation.

• Keep toilet paper and clean wipes within reach to assist with cleaning the gluteal area and hands after the patient uses the bedpan for the elderly.

• If the patient has sensitive or injured skin, choose appropriate hygiene products and avoid vigorous rubbing.

3. Proactively check if the patient does not call

• If the patient has not called after approximately 5–10 minutes, the caregiver should return to check if care conditions allow.

• Do not rely solely on whether the patient rings the bell, especially if they are weak, have difficulty communicating, or may not be able to use the call device themselves.

• If the patient is still using the bedpan, gently ask if they need more time or assistance.

4. Do not leave the patient on the bedpan for too long

• When caring for bedridden patients, pay special attention to the amount of time the patient is in contact with the bedpan, as prolonged pressure on the gluteal area can cause pain and skin damage.

• If the patient has finished toileting, assist with removing the bedpan and cleaning as soon as possible.

• If the bedpan is full, tilted, or the patient reports pain, address it immediately instead of continuing to leave the patient on the bedpan.

5. Adjust the checking method according to the actual situation

• The frequency of checks should be appropriate for each patient's mobility, cognition, and level of dependence.

• For patients at risk of falling or unable to call for help, they should not be left to manage independently after toileting.

• The goal of placing a bedpan for bedridden patients is to meet elimination needs while maintaining safety, privacy, and comfort throughout the process.



Step 3: Lower the head of the bed before removing the bedpan

1. Lower the head of the bed slowly

• Once the patient has finished toileting, slowly lower the head of the bed to an appropriate level before removing the bedpan for the patient.

• Do this slowly and observe the patient's reaction to avoid dizziness, discomfort, or sliding.

• It is not always necessary to lower it completely if the patient cannot tolerate a low position or has an order to maintain an elevated head position.

2. Adjust according to health status

• Ask the patient if they feel comfortable when the head of the bed is lowered.

• For patients with breathing difficulties, respiratory problems, or who are required to maintain a specific position, do not arbitrarily lower the head of the bed too far.

• When caring for bedridden patients, the patient's safety and stability are always prioritized over trying to bring the bed to a fixed position.

3. Help the patient easily get off the bedpan

• A lower head-of-bed position can facilitate the patient changing position and removing the bedpan more easily.

• If the patient can lift their hips, instruct them to bend their knees and lightly lift their hips as needed.

• If the patient cannot lift their hips independently, assist them in tilting their body instead of trying to pull the bedpan out while their body is still pressing on it.

4. Keep the bedpan stable during removal

• Before removing the bedpan, check that the patient is ready and can coordinate with the change in position.

• Hold the bedpan securely to avoid spilling waste or pulling hard on the skin.

• Remove the bedpan slowly, avoiding jerking or pulling sideways, which can cause friction on the gluteal area, especially in older adults or bedridden individuals with fragile skin.

5. Check the patient after bedpan removal

• After removing the bedpan for the elderly, assist the patient back to a comfortable resting position.

• Quickly check the gluteal area and the skin that was in contact with the bedpan if appropriate, noting any signs of redness, pain, or abrasions.

• Then continue with personal hygiene and change the underpad or bedsheet if it is wet or soiled.



Step 4: Help the patient off the bedpan

1. Assess ability to change position independently

• After the patient has finished toileting, determine if they can lift their hips or tilt their body independently or if they need assistance.

• If the patient can move safely on their own, encourage them to do so to maintain independence and privacy.

• When caring for bedridden patients, do not ask the patient to try if they lack the strength or are at risk of losing balance.

2. If the patient can lift their hips independently

• Instruct the patient to bend both knees and place their feet firmly on the mattress.

• Ask them to slightly lift their hips to relieve pressure on the bedpan for the elderly.

• The caregiver can place a hand under the lower back to support and stabilize, but not try to lift the patient's entire weight.

• Once the hips are lifted, gently remove the bedpan and help the patient return to a comfortable position.

3. If the patient cannot lift their hips independently

• Keep the bedpan level and stable on the bed before starting to turn the patient to prevent waste from spilling.

• Gently assist the patient to turn to the side opposite the caregiver, keeping the bedpan close to the body during the movement.

• Once the patient has turned enough, slowly remove the bedpan and then help them return to a safe lying position.

• Do not pull the bedpan forcefully while the patient's weight is still on it, as this can cause friction and skin damage.

4. Reduce friction and protect the gluteal skin area

• When placing a bedpan for the patient or removing it, avoid dragging the body across the mattress.

• Be especially careful with older adults, inactive individuals, or bedridden patients, as they have a higher risk of skin damage due to pressure and friction.

• If the patient experiences pain, numbness, or signs of skin damage, stop the procedure and reassess before continuing.

5. Return the patient to a resting position

• After removing the bedpan, assist the patient to lie or sit in a position appropriate for their health condition.

• Check if the patient experiences pain, dizziness, or discomfort after changing position.

• Complete personal hygiene, change the underpad if necessary, and place the call bell within reach before leaving the patient.



Step 5: Gently remove the bedpan to protect the skin

1. Slide the bedpan out slowly

• Once the patient has finished, gently slide the bedpan for the elderly from its position under the buttocks.

• Do this slowly, coordinating with the patient's posture to limit spills or overflow of waste.

• Do not pull or yank the bedpan forcefully while it is still pressing against the body.

2. Avoid letting the bedpan rim rub against the skin

• When removing the bedpan, it is especially important to avoid letting the bedpan rim drag or rub against the gluteal area and the skin around the anus.

• This is particularly crucial when caring for bedridden patients, older adults, or individuals with thin, fragile skin.

• If the patient feels pain, burning, or the bedpan gets stuck, stop and adjust their position rather than trying to pull forcefully.

3. Keep the bedpan stable when moving

• Keep the bedpan level during removal to minimize the risk of waste spilling.

• After removing the bedpan, place it temporarily in a secure location, away from where the patient might accidentally touch or knock it over.

• You can cover the bedpan with a clean towel while waiting for disposal to reduce odor and maintain privacy.

4. Allow the patient to rest after bedpan removal

• After placing the bedpan for the patient and completing its removal, assist the patient back to a comfortable resting position.

• Check if the patient experiences pain, dizziness, or discomfort after changing position.

• If further cleaning of the gluteal area is needed, do so gently and avoid vigorous rubbing on the skin.

5. Do not leave a used bedpan for too long

• Covering the bedpan with a towel is only a temporary measure and does not replace the need for disposal and cleaning.

• Once the patient is stable, take the bedpan to an appropriate sanitation area, empty the waste, and clean it according to procedure.

• When caring for bedridden patients, keeping hygiene tools clean and promptly disposing of waste helps create a safe, private, and comfortable care environment.



Step 6: Clean the patient after using the bedpan

1. Assess the level of assistance needed

• After removing the bedpan for the patient, ask if the patient can clean themselves or needs assistance from the caregiver.

• If the patient is capable enough, allow them to perform the task independently within a safe range to maintain autonomy and privacy.

• When caring for bedridden patients or those with limited mobility, caregivers need to provide gentle assistance and only expose the area of the body being cleaned.

2. Hand hygiene before and after toileting

• Assist the patient in cleaning their hands with a soapy wet wipe or an appropriate disposable wipe.

• Caregivers must perform hand hygiene and change gloves according to procedure after contact with waste or the perineal area.

• Nursing care guidelines emphasize appropriate hand hygiene and glove changes to limit cross-contamination.

3. Gently clean the gluteal and genital areas

• Use toilet paper or a clean wipe to remove any remaining waste.

• Do not rub vigorously, as the skin around the buttocks and perineum can be sensitive, especially in older adults or those who have been bedridden for a long time.

• If using wipes and water, use comfortably warm water, then pat dry instead of rubbing vigorously. Perineal care guidelines recommend gentle cleaning and drying to limit irritation.

4. For females, wipe from front to back

• When cleaning the genital area for females, wipe from front to back, meaning from the vulva towards the anus.

• Each wipe should use a clean part of the wipe or fresh toilet paper, avoiding bringing waste from the anal area towards the urethra and vagina.

• This principle is used in perineal care guidelines because it helps limit bacteria from the anal area from coming into contact with the urinary tract.

5. Clean thoroughly but without damaging the skin

• After cleaning, check the gluteal area, around the anus, and genitals for redness, abrasions, swelling, pain, or prolonged dampness.

• When caring for bedridden patients, special attention should be paid to skin condition because pressure, moisture, and contact with feces or urine can increase the risk of skin damage.

• If ulcers, bleeding, severe pain, or abnormal skin lesions are found, medical personnel should be notified for assessment instead of self-treating with topical products.

6. Keep the patient clean, dry, and comfortable

• After cleaning, gently dry and change clothes, underpads, or bedsheets if they are soiled or damp.

• Return the patient to a suitable resting position, place the call bell within reach, and check if they need further assistance.

• When placing a bedpan for bedridden patients, cleaning after bedpan use is the final but very important step to protect the skin, maintain comfort, and preserve the patient's dignity.



Step 7: Clean the area after bedpan use

1. Collect underpads after the patient is clean

• After completing patient hygiene, gently remove the waterproof underpad or protective towel from the bed.

• Fold the soiled part inwards, avoiding shaking or waving vigorously to prevent spreading contaminants into the environment.

• Place soiled linens in an appropriate bag or container before continuing to clean the area.

2. Address soiled bedsheets immediately

• If urine, feces, or fluids have spilled from the bedpan for the elderly, change soiled sheets or underpads as soon as possible.

• Do not leave the patient lying on a damp or contaminated surface, as prolonged moisture and contact can increase the risk of irritation and skin damage.

• When changing soiled linens, do so gently and avoid vigorous shaking. The CDC recommends careful handling of soiled linens to limit the spread of infectious agents.

3. Change clothes or gowns if contaminated

• If the patient's clothes, gown, or covers become soiled with waste, they should be replaced with clean ones.

• When caring for bedridden patients, prioritize loose, dry, and easy-to-change clothing to reduce friction during changes.

• Recheck the skin underneath the clothes to ensure it is not damp or soiled.

4. Clean surrounding surfaces

• If waste or bodily fluids spill onto the bed, floor, or other surfaces, clean and disinfect them according to the surface type and appropriate hygiene procedures.

• Do not just wipe with a dry cloth if visible waste or bodily fluids are present.

• After cleaning, allow the surface to dry before the patient uses the area again. The CDC recommends cleaning first and then disinfecting when necessary for surfaces contaminated with bodily fluids.

5. Safely manage odors

• After disposing of waste and cleaning the area, ventilate the room if conditions permit.

• Do not use air fresheners to mask waste odors before addressing the source.

• If using scented products, avoid spraying directly near the patient, especially if they have respiratory conditions or are sensitive to odors.

6. Complete care and check on the patient

• Once the area is clean and dry, help the patient put on their clothes, adjust their sleeping position, and place necessary items within reach.

• Perform a final check to ensure the bed is dry, clean, and the patient is comfortable.

• In caring for bedridden patients, cleaning immediately after each use of the bedpan helps maintain a hygienic environment and reduces the risk of skin irritation from moisture or waste.



Step 8: Return the patient to a resting position

1. Return the patient to a comfortable position

• After completing bedpan placement for the patient and cleaning, assist the patient back to a suitable resting position.

• Ask the patient if they prefer to lie on their back, side, or how they want their pillows adjusted, as long as the position is suitable for their health condition.

• Perform each movement slowly, especially with elderly or bedridden patients.

2. Adjust bed height

• If necessary, raise or lower the entire bed to an appropriate height so the patient feels comfortable and the caregiver can safely assist.

• After completing care, if the patient is preparing to rest, the bed can be lowered to a suitable low height to reduce the risk of injury from slipping or falling.

• Always lock the bed wheels before leaving the patient.

3. Adjust the head of the bed as needed

• The head of the bed can be raised or lowered to help the patient breathe easier and relax, depending on their health condition.

• Do not automatically place the patient completely flat if they are instructed to keep their head elevated or experience difficulty breathing when lying low.

• For bedpans for the elderly, after removing the bedpan, prioritize a resting position rather than keeping the patient in a position used for toileting.

4. Check pressure points

• After the patient is stable, quickly check the buttocks, back, and other pressure points if appropriate.

• For patients who lie down for extended periods, avoid prolonged pressure on any single skin area; change position according to the care plan or medical staff instructions.

• Ensure the bedsheets are flat, dry, and free of hard objects or creases that could press against the body.

5. Place necessary items within reach

• Place the call bell, water, glasses, phone, or other necessary items within reach if the patient can use them.

• Remind the patient to call the caregiver if they need to change position or assistance getting out of bed.

• After placing the bedpan for the bedridden patient, completing the process is not just about tidying up the bedpan but also ensuring the patient is clean, safe, and truly comfortable.



Step 9: Check and record waste

1. Check waste after bedpan use

• After the patient is cleaned and stable, take the bedpan to an appropriate sanitation area to observe the waste.

• For bedpans for the elderly, observation not only helps assess the amount of urine or stool but can also detect early unusual changes that need attention.

• In nursing care, the color, consistency, odor, and amount of waste can be recorded in the care record when necessary.

2. Observe urine

• If the bedpan contains urine, note characteristics such as color, clarity, odor, and volume.

• Normal urine is pale yellow to amber and relatively clear. Very dark, cloudy, bloody, or unusually small amounts of urine should be noted and reported to medical staff as appropriate.

• If urine volume needs to be monitored, it can be poured into a graduated container and recorded in mL as per care instructions.

3. Observe stool and any abnormal signs

• Note the color, consistency, and any abnormal components such as blood, mucus, or diarrhea.

• Black, tarry, or bloody stool is a sign that requires medical evaluation, especially if it is a new change.

• If the patient has diarrhea with blood, mucus, prolonged abdominal pain, fever, or signs of dehydration, contact medical staff for evaluation.

• Do not conclude the cause based solely on stool color or shape; some foods and medications can also alter waste color.

4. Measure waste volume when required

• If the patient's urine output is being monitored, pour the urine from the bedpan into a graduated measuring device and accurately record the volume in mL.

• Do not estimate visually if monitoring excretion volume is important for care.

• In a medical setting, urine output and excretion characteristics are recorded to monitor the patient's condition and aid in assessing health progression.

5. Record and report abnormalities

• Record the time of toileting, type of waste, amount if necessary, and any abnormal characteristics as required by the care plan.

• When caring for bedridden patients, regular recording can help detect changes in excretion that the patient may find difficult to notice or describe themselves.

• If blood is found in stool or urine, black tarry stool, significant diarrhea, a marked decrease in urine volume, or the patient shows signs of dehydration, medical staff should be notified instead of just continuing to monitor at home.



Step 10: Dispose of waste and clean the bedpan

1. Dispose of waste in the toilet

• After checking and recording if necessary, take the bedpan for the elderly to the sanitation area.

• Pour urine or stool into the toilet slowly to minimize splashing.

• Close the toilet lid before flushing if possible to reduce droplet spread into the environment. The CDC recommends closing the lid when flushing in situations where there is a risk of pathogen spread through waste.

2. Flush and dispose of waste properly

• Flush the toilet after all waste has been poured into it.

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• Do not pour stool, wipes, or non-dissolving items into the toilet as they can cause blockages.

• If the care facility has its own waste disposal procedures, follow the instructions precisely instead of disposing of it arbitrarily.

3. Avoid splashing waste

• When emptying the bedpan, hold it close to the water level in the toilet and tilt it slowly.

• Do not pour from a high height or perform forceful movements.

• If waste splashes out, clean and disinfect the contaminated area according to appropriate procedures. The CDC recommends cleaning first and then disinfecting surfaces contaminated with bodily fluids.

4. Clean the bedpan immediately after emptying

• After placing the bedpan for the patient and completing waste disposal, clean the bedpan according to the manufacturer's instructions or the care facility's procedures.

• Clean all parts that came into contact with stool, urine, and the patient's skin, then allow the bedpan to dry completely before storing.

• Do not share an uncleaned bedpan between different patients.

5. Hand hygiene after handling

• Properly remove gloves and perform hand hygiene after handling the bedpan and waste.

• If hands are visibly soiled, wash with soap and water; in appropriate situations where hands are not visibly soiled, an alcohol-based hand sanitizer can be used.

• When caring for bedridden patients, maintaining hand hygiene after each contact with waste is a crucial step to prevent cross-contamination.



Step 11: Clean the bedpan thoroughly after use

1. Check bedpan type before cleaning

• If using a disposable bedpan for the elderly, dispose of it according to the manufacturer's instructions and care facility regulations.

• For reusable bedpans, clean and disinfect them after each use to reduce the risk of infection.

• Do not store the bedpan if it still contains waste, dirty water, or an unpleasant odor.

2. Rinse off residual waste

• After emptying the waste into the toilet, rinse the bedpan with clean water as per the manufacturer's instructions.

• Pour the rinse water into the toilet carefully to minimize splashing.

• Do not use water that is too hot if the bedpan material is not heat-resistant, as it can deform or damage the device.

3. Wash the bedpan with appropriate detergent

• Use water and soap or an appropriate detergent to clean all internal and external surfaces of the bedpan.

• Use a specialized brush to scrub any areas where waste may still be clinging.

• Then, rinse with clean water until no soap or residue remains.

• In a medical setting, follow the facility's cleaning and disinfection procedures instead of just washing with water. The CDC notes that reusable care equipment must be properly cleaned before necessary disinfection or sterilization steps.

4. Dry before storing

• After washing, allow the bedpan to air dry or wipe it dry with a clean cloth designated for this purpose.

• Do not store the bedpan when it is still damp inside, as a moist environment can promote microbial growth.

• Place the bedpan in a clean, dry, well-ventilated area, separate from personal belongings or eating utensils.

5. Inspect the bedpan before the next use

• Check the bedpan for cracks, breaks, deformities, or sharp edges.

• If the bedpan is damaged, do not continue to use it as it can cause leaks, hygiene issues, or skin injury.

• When caring for bedridden patients, intact and properly cleaned equipment makes the process of placing the bedpan for the patient safer and more convenient.



Step 12: Wash hands after completing care

1. Remove gloves and perform hand hygiene

• After completing cleaning and storing the bedpan for the elderly, remove disposable gloves correctly to avoid touching the outer surface of the gloves.

• Wash hands thoroughly with soap and clean water. According to the CDC, hot water is not necessary; clean water at a suitable temperature is sufficient if the technique is correct.

• Rub all parts of the hands, including palms, backs of hands, between fingers, fingertips, and around nails for at least 20 seconds, then rinse thoroughly and dry.

2. Perform hand hygiene even if gloves were worn

• Gloves do not replace hand hygiene. After removing gloves, hands can still be contaminated.

• If hands are visibly soiled or have come into contact with stool, urine, or bodily fluids, prioritize washing with soap and water.

• This is an important step in caring for bedridden patients, as caregivers often have close contact with waste and sensitive skin areas during assistance.

3. Restore the care space

• After the patient has been cleaned and is in a comfortable position, curtains, doors, or windows that were closed for privacy can be reopened, if room conditions permit.

• Do not open windows if the weather, temperature, or the patient's health condition is unsuitable.

• Rearrange the bed, blankets, pads, and necessary items to return the room to a clean and tidy state.

4. Check on the patient before concluding

• Ask the patient if they are experiencing any pain, discomfort, dizziness, or need any further assistance.

• Place the call bell and essential items within reach.

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• Ensure the bed is at a safe height, wheels are locked, and the patient is stable.

5. Complete the care procedure

• After placing the bedpan for the bedridden patient, the entire procedure is considered complete only when the patient is clean, dry, comfortable, and the surrounding area has been tidied up.

• Maintaining proper hand hygiene after each handling of the bedpan or waste helps reduce the risk of cross-contamination for both the patient and the caregiver.

• If the patient experiences unusual pain, skin lesions, blood in stool or urine, or significant changes in excretion, medical staff should be informed for appropriate assessment.



Bedpan Use Procedure Applicable at Home

1. Procedure suitable for both hospitals and homes

• The steps for placing a bedpan for a patient described above are primarily designed for a medical care environment, but the basic principles can still be applied when caring for patients at home.

• Family members can perform steps such as preparing the bedpan, hand hygiene, ensuring privacy, assisting with position changes, and cleaning the patient after use.

2. At home, prioritize safety and feasibility

• It is not essential to have all the equipment found in a hospital, but a clean bedpan, disposable gloves, waterproof pads, toilet paper, and cleaning supplies should be prepared.

• When caring for bedridden patients, avoid attempting to lift or turn the patient alone if their weight or health condition exceeds the caregiver's capability.

• You can ask for additional assistance or discuss safe transfer techniques with a nurse.

3. Choose a bedpan suitable for the user

• For bedpans for the elderly, prioritize types with appropriate size, smooth surfaces, no sharp edges, and easy to clean.

• Patients with buttock pain, pressure ulcers, or difficulty changing positions may require specialized bedpans or other assistive devices as advised by healthcare professionals.

4. Maintain hygiene and skin protection

• Clean the bedpan after each use, change soiled pads or linens, and wash hands after handling waste.

• Regularly check the buttocks and perineal skin, especially for bedridden patients.

• If ulcers, bleeding, severe pain, or unusual skin damage appear, contact healthcare professionals for guidance.

5. Know when to seek professional help

• If the patient cannot cooperate, has a high risk of falls, experiences severe pain when turning, or requires two people for safe movement, do not attempt to do it alone.

• Nurses or rehabilitation specialists can provide guidance on caring for bedridden patients and using appropriate assistive devices.

• Whether performed in a hospital or at home, the goal of bedpan placement for patients is to ensure their safety, hygiene, privacy, and dignity.

References

1. Toney-Butler, T. J., & Gaston, G. (2023). Nursing bedpan management. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing.
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). Clinical safety: Hand hygiene for healthcare workers. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). About hand hygiene for patients in healthcare settings. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). Guideline for hand hygiene in healthcare settings. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). Fundamental elements needed to prevent transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
6. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2025). Skin under pressure: Preventing pressure injury. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
7. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2018). Pressure sores. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
8. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2014). Pressure ulcers: Prevention and management (CG179). NICE.
9. Open Resources for Nursing. (2023). Chapter 5: Provide for personal care needs of clients. In Nursing Assistant. NCBI Bookshelf.
10. Soni, S., Yarrarapu, S. N. S., & Tobin, E. H. (2025). Infection control. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing.
11. Open Resources for Nursing. (2024). Chapter 4: Aseptic technique. In Nursing Skills. NCBI Bookshelf.

Content edited by: Rene Lee Nguyen.


Information consulted and verified by expert: Harper Martinez.