Post-surgery care for anal abscess: 5 effective tips to prevent recurrence

Recurrent anal abscesses can cause patients to continue to experience pain, swelling, discharge, and even require repeated treatment interventions. According to medical literature, abscesses can recur, especially when the abscess has not been completely treated or an anal fistula exists. Therefore, after anal abscess treatment, proper wound care, keeping the anal area clean, and early recognition of abnormal signs are very important steps. In this article, Tiptory helps you understand how to prevent recurrent anal abscesses, what to do after treatment, and when to seek medical attention to avoid prolonged or more complex conditions.

Preventing Recurrent Anal Abscesses

Proper wound hygiene

• Gently wash the area around the wound twice a day as instructed after surgery.

• Keep the anal area clean and dry, especially after bowel movements.

• Avoid harsh scrubbing or using products that may cause irritation unless directed by your doctor.

Cover the wound with clean gauze

• Place sterile gauze over the wound area to absorb discharge and reduce friction.

• Change gauze when it is wet or soiled to reduce the risk of infection.

• If the wound is draining a lot, has an unusual odor, or increased swelling and pain, contact your doctor for examination.

Take medication as prescribed

• If prescribed antibiotics after anal abscess treatment, take them at the correct dosage and for the full duration as prescribed.

• Do not stop taking medication on your own when symptoms subside, and do not self-medicate with additional antibiotics without re-evaluation.

• Antibiotics do not replace draining the abscess if pus is still present, so scheduled follow-up appointments are very important.

Limit strenuous activity after surgery

• For at least 1 week after surgery, avoid heavy lifting, high-intensity exercise, or activities that put pressure on the anal area.

• Light activity is acceptable if you feel up to it and your doctor has not advised further restrictions.

• Reducing pressure on the treated area allows the wound to heal and limits irritation.

Attend follow-up appointments as scheduled

• You should have a follow-up appointment approximately 6 weeks later or at the time specified by your doctor to assess the healing process.

• Follow-up is especially important if you have a history of recurrent anal abscesses, as your doctor may need to check for the presence of an anal fistula or the reason for the abscess recurrence.

• If you experience increased pain, warmth, fever, pus discharge, or a new lump near the anus before your scheduled appointment, do not wait for the follow-up but seek medical attention sooner.

Part 1: Principles of proper anal abscess post-operative care

Tip 1: Have someone drive you home after drainage

Arrange for someone to drive you home after the procedure

• Abscess drainage is an important treatment for anal abscesses. Proper treatment of the current abscess helps reduce the risk of recurrent anal abscesses.

• Drainage procedures can often be done on the same day, but you should still arrange for a family member or friend to drive you home afterward.

• Do not drive yourself after the procedure as anesthesia, sedatives, or pain medications can make you drowsy, reduce concentration, and impair reflexes.

Prepare before the procedure day

• As soon as you know your drainage schedule, proactively ask a family member or friend to arrange to drive you home.

• Your companion can help you pick up prescriptions, purchase necessary supplies, and help you rest comfortably during the first few hours after the procedure.

• Fully adhering to post-drainage care instructions is an important part of anal abscess treatment and reduces the risk of complications or recurrence.

Do not drive after returning home

• Only resume driving when you are fully alert and your doctor confirms that the medications used do not affect your driving ability.

• If you experience rapidly increasing pain, significant bleeding, fever, or recurrent swelling and pain after drainage, contact a medical facility for early evaluation.

Tip 2: Follow-up to prevent abscess recurrence

Schedule a follow-up appointment after drainage

• After anal abscess treatment, follow-up appointments help your doctor check if the wound is healing correctly and detect any abnormal signs early.

• The timing of follow-up appointments varies for everyone. Your doctor may schedule it after about 2–3 weeks, 6 weeks, or depending on the specific condition of the wound. Therefore, you should schedule it immediately after the procedure instead of waiting for symptoms to appear.

• If the wound is still painful, swollen, draining pus, or not healing as expected, do not wait for the scheduled appointment but contact your doctor sooner.

Check for risk of anal fistula

• One of the issues doctors need to evaluate after an anal abscess is the possibility of an anal fistula forming. This is an abnormal tunnel connecting the anal area to the skin next to the anus and is often related to a previous abscess.

• Signs suggesting an anal fistula may include:

  • Persistent or intermittent swelling or pain in the anal area.

  • Persistent discharge or pus from the wound site.

  • Appearance of a small hole or abnormal skin area near the anus.

  • Frequent recurrent anal abscesses, especially in the same location.

It is important to understand that complete prevention of anal fistula may not be possible

• Anal fistulas can form after an abscess has been drained and not all cases can be completely prevented.

• It is important to follow post-operative care instructions, attend scheduled follow-up appointments, and report early if the wound does not heal or prolonged discharge occurs.

• If your doctor suspects an anal fistula, some cases may require a specialist examination or imaging such as MRI to determine the path of the fistula and choose the appropriate treatment method.

Seek early medical attention for abnormal signs

• Do not wait for your follow-up appointment if you experience fever, progressively worsening anal pain, redness and swelling, pus discharge, or signs of wound infection.

• These symptoms may indicate an uncontrolled infection or a recurring abscess and need to be evaluated by a doctor.

Tip 3: Keep the wound clean and dry

Gently clean the surgical wound area

• After anal abscess treatment, clean the surgical wound area at least twice a day with warm water and mild soap, if this is the care method advised by your doctor.

• Do not scrub, rub vigorously, or use perfumed products or strong detergents on the anal area as this can cause irritation and affect the healing process.

• After cleaning, gently pat dry with a clean towel or soft gauze instead of wiping harshly.

Use gauze or pads to absorb discharge

• Place sterile gauze or soft pads in your underwear to absorb discharge from the wound during recovery.

• This helps keep the anal area cleaner and reduces feelings of dampness and discomfort during daily activities.

• Change gauze or pads as soon as they become soiled, very wet, or at least twice a day.

Monitor discharge and abnormal signs

• A small amount of discharge may appear as the wound heals, but if the discharge increases, has a foul odor, turns to pus, or is accompanied by swelling, pain, and fever, you should seek medical attention.

• Proper wound care and keeping the treated area clean are important steps to reduce the risk of recurrent anal abscesses.

Tip 4: Limit physical activity after surgery

Avoid heavy lifting and exercise

• For approximately 1 week after anal abscess surgery, limit strenuous activities to allow the wound time to heal.

• Avoid heavy lifting, gym workouts, running, or exercises that put pressure on the anal area.

• Complete bed rest is not necessary. Light walking throughout the day, if you feel up to it, can help maintain mobility and circulation.

• The appropriate level of activity depends on the treatment method and the wound condition, so prioritize your doctor's direct instructions.

Return to work gradually

• If your job primarily involves sitting or is not physically demanding, many people can return to work after 1–2 days, depending on the level of pain and recovery status.

• If your job requires heavy lifting or a lot of physical activity, you should consult your doctor before returning to avoid putting pressure on the wound.

• If you experience increased pain, bleeding, or more discharge after activity, reduce your activity and contact your doctor if symptoms do not improve.

Temporarily stop swimming until the wound heals

• You should not swim while the wound is still open or not completely healed.

• Only resume swimming when the wound has recovered and your doctor confirms it is safe. This is an important measure in post-anal abscess treatment care.

Limit cycling during the initial period

• You should avoid cycling for approximately 6–8 weeks after surgery, or longer if your doctor requires it.

• Bicycle seats apply direct pressure to the anal area, which can cause pain, irritation, or affect the wound healing process.

Sexual activity when comfortable

• You can resume sexual activity when you feel comfortable enough and the wound is healing well.

• If the activity causes pain, bleeding, or discomfort in the anal area, you should stop and discuss it with your doctor.

• Do not try to endure pain as this is not a race to the finish line; the priority is still for the wound to heal completely and to limit the risk of recurrent anal abscesses.

Tip 5: Facilitate bowel movements after surgery

Do not strain during bowel movements

• After anal abscess surgery, not having a bowel movement on the first day can occur, especially if you are using pain medication or have changed your diet.

• When having a bowel movement, avoid straining vigorously as it can increase pressure on the anal area, causing pain and irritating the wound.

• Drinking enough water, eating fiber-rich foods, and maintaining light physical activity if your doctor permits can support bowel movements.

Ask your doctor about laxatives

• If you have not had a normal bowel movement after 1–2 days, discuss with your doctor whether laxatives are suitable for you.

• Do not self-medicate with laxatives, especially if you are taking other medications or have a gastrointestinal condition.

• If prescribed, take the correct dosage and duration as instructed. The goal is to soften the stool and make it easier to pass, not to cause diarrhea.

Elevate your feet when using the toilet

• You can place a low stool under your feet when sitting on the toilet.

• This position helps to slightly bend the hips and pelvis, closer to a squatting position, which can make bowel movements easier.

• Do not try to strain if the stool is not ready to pass; take time to relax instead of putting pressure on the anal area.

Sitz bath after bowel movements

• After bowel movements, a warm water sitz bath can help gently clean and relieve discomfort.

• There is no need to use soap, antiseptic solutions, or additives unless directed by your doctor.

• After soaking, gently pat the anal area dry and change the dressing if needed to keep the wound clean and dry.

Keep stool soft to aid recovery

• Preventing constipation is an important part of post-anal abscess treatment care, as hard stool and straining can make the treated area more painful or uncomfortable.

• If constipation is prolonged, pain increases, abdomen distends, vomiting occurs, or you cannot have a bowel movement and pass gas, contact your doctor for evaluation instead of self-increasing medication dosage.

Part 2: Tips for cleaning the anal abscess wound and quick pain relief

Tip 1: Use antibiotics as prescribed

Take antibiotics as prescribed by your doctor

• After anal abscess surgery, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics in some cases to treat or control infection when indicated.

• Take the medication at the correct dosage, at the correct time, and for the correct number of days as prescribed. Do not arbitrarily change the dose or stop the medication just because you feel better.

• Not all cases of anal abscess treatment require antibiotics. The use of medication depends on the infection status, underlying medical conditions, and your doctor's assessment.

Do not stop medication halfway through on your own

• If your doctor has prescribed a course of antibiotics, complete the entire course as prescribed, even if symptoms such as pain, swelling, or fever have subsided.

• Do not keep leftover medication for use in the next recurrent anal abscess episode and do not use old prescriptions without a doctor's examination.

Monitor for abnormal reactions

• If you experience rash, shortness of breath, lip or face swelling after taking medication, seek immediate medical help as these could be signs of a severe allergic reaction.

• Prolonged diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, or other unusual symptoms should also be reported to your doctor.

• Most importantly, antibiotics do not replace abscess drainage when the abscess needs to be drained. Therefore, if the anal area continues to swell, become red and warm, or discharge pus, you should seek medical attention to determine the cause instead of self-medicating with more antibiotics.

Tip 2: Post-operative pain management

Ask your doctor before taking pain medication

• After anal abscess surgery, the anal area may be painful, tense, or sensitive during the initial period. The level of pain often varies depending on the individual and the treatment method.

• If the pain is mild or moderate but causes discomfort, ask your doctor or pharmacist if you can use over-the-counter pain relievers.

• Do not self-medicate if you have underlying medical conditions, drug allergies, are pregnant, or are taking other medications that could cause interactions.

Take medication at the correct dosage

• Adhere strictly to the dosage, interval between doses, and duration of use as prescribed by your doctor or indicated on the medication instructions.

• Do not increase the dosage yourself thinking it will relieve pain faster. Overdosing on some pain medications can cause liver damage, kidney damage, or gastrointestinal bleeding.

Talk to your doctor if you have severe pain

• If the pain is severe, does not subside despite taking medication as directed, or worsens, contact your doctor for an evaluation.

• In some cases, your doctor may prescribe prescription pain medication for a short period.

• If the pain increases accompanied by fever, redness, swelling, discharge, or a new painful lump around the anus, seek medical attention early as these could be signs of infection or recurrent anal abscess.

Prioritize treating the cause rather than just masking the pain

• Pain relievers only help control symptoms; they do not eliminate the infection or the cause of the abscess.

• Therefore, if abnormal symptoms persist after anal abscess treatment, follow-up appointments and evaluating the cause remain crucial steps to reduce the risk of recurrence.

Tip 3: Warm sitz baths

Warm baths to relieve discomfort

• After anal abscess treatment, soaking the anal area in warm water can help soothe pain, pressure, and discomfort around the treated area.

• You can use a bathtub with about 7–10 cm of warm water, or use a specialized sitz bath placed on the toilet.

• Soak for about 15–20 minutes each time, then gently pat the anal area dry with a clean towel or gauze.

Choose the right water temperature

• The water should be warm enough to be comfortable but not too hot to avoid burns or irritation to the damaged skin.

• Do not soak for too long or use very hot water, as this will not help the wound heal faster.

Do not add salt or products to the water without instruction

• Some guidelines may mention Epsom salt or sea salt, but do not assume these substances need to be added to the bathwater.

• Unless your doctor instructs otherwise, clean warm water is usually a simple choice for cleaning and soothing the anal area.

• Avoid adding soap, antiseptics, essential oils, or scented products unless instructed by a healthcare professional.

Care after soaking

• After soaking, use a clean towel or soft gauze to gently pat dry, without rubbing the wound.

• If your doctor has prescribed cream or ointment, use the correct product and method as directed.

• If the anal area becomes increasingly swollen and painful, discharges pus, has an unusual odor, or if fever occurs, seek medical attention as these could be signs of infection or recurrent anal abscess.

Tip 4: Proper anal hygiene

Clean the anal area daily

• After anal abscess treatment, keep the anal area clean to support the wound healing process.

• Use warm water and mild soap to gently clean, then pat dry with a clean towel. Do not rub directly on the wound.

• After each bowel movement, you can rinse with water or use unscented wet wipes to gently clean if immediate bathing is not possible.

Warm sitz baths when needed

• If it helps reduce pain and discomfort, you can soak the anal area in a warm bath for about 15–20 minutes.

• Frequency should be based on the level of discomfort and your doctor's instructions; it is not necessary to soak multiple times a day if not needed.

• After soaking, gently pat dry to prevent the wound area from prolonged dampness.

Avoid strong antiseptics

• Do not use alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, or strong antiseptic solutions on the wound unless directed by your doctor.

• These products can irritate healing tissue and make the recovery process more difficult.

• Prioritize simple care with warm water and mild cleansing products as instructed by healthcare professionals.

Keep the treated area clean and dry

• Change gauze or pads when they are dirty or damp to limit prolonged contact of discharge with the skin.

• Wear clean, breathable underwear and avoid overly tight clothing that causes friction on the anal area.

• If there is increased pain, redness, swelling, discharge, foul odor, or fever, seek medical attention early to check for infection or the risk of recurrent anal abscess.

Tip 5: Proper wound dressing changes

Adhere to dressing change instructions

• After drainage or surgery for an anal abscess, your doctor may place gauze over the wound to absorb discharge and protect the treated area.

• Ask your doctor specifically when to remove or change the initial gauze, as care can vary depending on the treatment method and wound condition.

• Do not remove the gauze or insert any additional material into the wound yourself without instruction.

Change dressing after cleaning

• After cleaning the anal area and gently patting it dry, change the gauze or apply a new dressing as instructed.

• Always wash your hands thoroughly before and after wound care to limit introducing bacteria to the treated area.

• If the gauze becomes wet, dirty, or heavily saturated with discharge, it should be changed promptly rather than allowing discharge to remain in prolonged contact with the skin.

Use gauze or pads to absorb discharge

• If the wound is still draining, you can place clean gauze externally to absorb discharge and reduce friction.

• In cases of heavy discharge, a soft pad can be placed in underwear to keep the anal area cleaner and drier.

• Do not use scented pads or materials that cause irritation on healing skin.

Monitor wound condition

• Decreased discharge over time is usually a sign that the wound is healing.

• If discharge increases, pus, foul odor, increased swelling and pain, or fever occurs, contact your doctor to check for infection or the risk of recurrent anal abscess.

• Proper wound care and scheduled follow-up appointments are important steps to ensure a safe anal abscess treatment process.

Tip 6: Cold compress to relieve pain

Cold compress to relieve pain and discomfort

• After anal abscess surgery, the treated area may be painful, swollen, or sensitive. Cold compresses can help reduce discomfort for a short period.

• You can use a cold pack, gel pack, or ice wrapped tightly in a clean bag.

• Apply for about 15–20 minutes each time, several times a day as needed.

Always place a cloth layer between ice and skin

• Do not place ice or cold gel packs directly on the skin, especially when the anal area has an open wound.

• Wrap the cold pack with a thin, clean cloth before applying it to the area that needs soothing.

• If burning, prolonged numbness, or skin discoloration occurs, stop applying the cold compress and allow the skin to return to normal temperature.

Do not use cold compresses as a substitute for follow-up appointments

• Cold compresses only help control symptoms; they do not treat the underlying cause of the anal abscess.

• If pain or swelling increases, fever, discharge, or a new lump forms, seek medical attention to rule out infection or recurrent anal abscess.

• Combining proper wound care, taking prescribed medication, and scheduled follow-up appointments will help make the anal abscess treatment process safer.

Tip 7: Recognize signs that require medical attention

Contact your doctor if symptoms worsen

• After anal abscess treatment, some pain or discomfort may occur during the recovery phase. However, symptoms of significant redness, swelling, or increased pain may be signs that need to be checked.

• Especially if the pain becomes severe or a new lump appears around the anus, you should not monitor it at home for too long.

Seek immediate medical attention if you have a fever

• Fever after surgery can be a sign of infection, especially when accompanied by pain, swelling, redness, or abnormal discharge.

• Do not self-medicate with additional antibiotics to treat symptoms; your doctor needs to determine the cause.

Pay attention to abnormal signs at the incision site

• If you notice red streaks spreading from the incision, the surrounding skin is hot and red, or swells rapidly, contact your doctor early.

• Bright red blood soaking through gauze or dressing is also a sign that needs evaluation, especially if the amount of blood is large or does not stop flowing.

Monitor systemic symptoms

• Feelings of nausea, extreme fatigue, or a noticeable decline in health after surgery should be reported to your doctor.

• If you cannot pass gas, especially when accompanied by abdominal pain, bloating, or vomiting, seek early medical evaluation.

Don't wait until the abscess clearly recurs

• These signs do not necessarily mean recurrent anal abscess, but they can indicate infection, postoperative complications, or other issues requiring treatment.

• Early detection and treatment help limit complications and support the recovery process, rather than waiting until the abscess reforms to seek anal abscess treatment.

Part 3: Signs of recurrent anal abscess and when to see a doctor

Note 1: Why do anal abscesses recur?

Understanding the causes of anal abscesses

• Anal abscesses can occur in anyone, usually starting when small glands near the anus become blocked and infected.

• Bacteria or stool entering these glands can form an infection pocket containing pus, leading to swelling, pain, and abscess formation.

• Certain conditions and injuries to the anal-rectal area can increase the risk of abscess or anal fistula, such as Crohn's disease, trauma, or other serious conditions.

Recognizing factors that increase recurrence risk

• Recurrent anal abscesses are not always due to improper post-surgical care.

• If the abscess has not been completely treated or an anal fistula exists, the infection may return.

• Some activities that cause prolonged pressure or friction on the anal area, such as frequent cycling, can make symptoms worse for some people. However, this should not be considered the sole cause of recurrent abscesses.

Don't blame yourself if the abscess returns

• Even with proper treatment and care, anal abscesses can recur in some individuals.

• Recurrence does not mean you have cared for the wound incorrectly or that you could have completely prevented this condition.

• If pain, swelling, warmth, redness, discharge, or fever reappear, you should see a doctor early to determine if it is a new abscess, residual infection, or an anal fistula.

Focus on what you can control

• Follow wound care instructions after anal abscess treatment.

• Keep the anal area clean, change dressings properly, and take medication as prescribed.

• Attend scheduled follow-up appointments so your doctor can monitor the healing process and detect any issues that could lead to recurrence early.

• If abnormal signs appear, seek medical attention early instead of self-treating at home.

Note 2: Recognizing signs of anal abscess

Pay attention to common signs

• Anal abscesses often cause swelling, redness, pain, or tenderness in the skin around the anus.

• Pain may increase when sitting, having a bowel movement, or touching the affected area.

• Some people may experience fever, chills, or a general feeling of fatigue and discomfort.

• As the abscess grows larger, the swollen area may become tense, more painful, and may discharge pus.

Do not self-diagnose based solely on symptoms

• These signs are not specific to anal abscesses and can also appear in many other conditions of the anal-rectal area.

• Therefore, simply having pain or swelling around the anus is not enough to determine if it is a recurrent anal abscess.

• If symptoms appear after you have been treated for an abscess, especially if pain and swelling are increasing, you should see a doctor for a direct examination.

Seek early medical attention when symptoms are clear

• Do not wait until the swollen area ruptures or discharges pus before seeking medical care.

• Fever, chills, severe pain, rapidly increasing redness and swelling, or severe fatigue are signs that should be evaluated early.

• Diagnosing and treating the correct cause helps limit complications and reduces the risk of needing anal abscess treatment multiple times.

Note 3: See a doctor for an accurate diagnosis

See a doctor if you suspect an anal abscess

• If you experience pain, swelling, redness, or an abnormal lump around the anus, schedule an appointment with your doctor to determine the cause.

• Especially, individuals who have had recurrent anal abscesses should not self-treat at home when symptoms return.

• When you see the doctor, clearly state when symptoms started, the level of pain, any discharge or fever, and your history of abscess treatment.

Diagnosis primarily based on examination

• Doctors can usually identify an anal abscess through symptom history and a direct examination of the anal-rectal area.

• If a deep abscess or an anal fistula is suspected, the doctor may order additional imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scan; in some cases, an MRI may be used to better evaluate the fistula tract.

• The choice of tests depends on the location of the lesion and the specific condition of each individual.

Treatment requires addressing the abscess

• Once a pus-filled abscess has formed, the primary treatment is drainage of the pus, which is usually performed via a procedure or surgery appropriate for the location and size of the abscess.

• Antibiotics may be used in some cases as prescribed by a doctor, but they do not replace drainage when the abscess needs to be opened and drained.

• If an anal fistula is present, the treatment method will be chosen based on the location and path of the fistula to reduce the risk of recurrence and protect sphincter function.

Do not delay seeking medical attention

• Recurrent anal abscesses may be related to a fistula tract or an underlying cause that needs to be evaluated.

• Early detection helps the doctor choose the appropriate anal abscess treatment plan and limit the risk of widespread infection or frequent recurrence.

Body care during recovery

Appropriate diet in the first few days

• After anal abscess treatment, the diet may be adjusted depending on digestive conditions and the doctor's instructions.

• In the first few days, if you experience abdominal discomfort, you can prioritize soft, easily digestible foods such as soup, porridge, soft bread, or foods that cause little irritation.

• It is not necessary to maintain a low-fiber diet for an extended period. Once digestion is stable, you should return to a balanced diet and adjust fiber intake appropriately to prevent constipation.

Get enough rest

• The body needs time to recover after surgery or anal abscess drainage. Rest more in the first few days if you feel tired.

• You can walk lightly during the day if your health permits, but avoid strenuous activities or lifting heavy objects until your doctor allows it.

• As the pain decreases and the wound heals well, you can gradually increase your activity level.

Drink enough water

• Staying hydrated helps the body recover and softens stool, thereby reducing the need to strain during bowel movements.

• You can use approximately 8 glasses of water, 240 ml each, per day as a reference point, but actual needs vary depending on individual body type, weather, activity level, and health status.

• If your doctor asks you to limit fluid intake due to another medical condition, prioritize the doctor's specific instructions.

Adhere to treatment instructions

• Take medication at the correct dose and time if prescribed.

• Perform wound care, hygiene, and dressing changes as instructed after the procedure.

• Follow up as scheduled so the doctor can assess the healing process and detect early any issues that may increase the risk of recurrent anal abscess.

Contact a doctor if abnormal signs appear

• Contact a doctor early if you experience increased pain, redness, swelling, or fever after treatment.

• Especially if symptoms worsen or a new swelling appears around the anus, do not self-monitor at home for an extended period.

• Early detection of abnormalities helps the doctor assess whether there is an infection, complication, or recurrent anal abscess.

References

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2. Conner, J. N., Eren, S., & Dsouza, R. (2026). Anorectal abscess. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing.
3. Conner, J. N., Eren, S., & Tuma, F. (2023). Perianal abscess. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing.
4. Gallo, G., et al. (2021). Anorectal emergencies: WSES-AAST guidelines. World Journal of Emergency Surgery, 16, 48.
5. National Health Service. (2023). Anal fistula. NHS.
6. Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. (2025). Perianal abscess and fistula: Patient information. Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.
7. Turner, S. V., & Singh, J. (2023). Perirectal abscess. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing.

Content editor: Rene Lee Nguyen.

Information consulted and verified by expert: Evelyn Clark.