How to self-inject insulin at home: 8 safe, painless, and medically-approved steps

Are you looking for a safe and effective way to inject insulin at home? According to estimates by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), hundreds of millions of people worldwide live with diabetes, and many of them need to use insulin daily to control their blood sugar. However, many individuals are still concerned about injecting in the wrong spot, experiencing pain during injection, or making insulin less effective.

In reality, proper insulin injection not only helps stabilize blood sugar but also reduces the risk of dangerous complications related to diabetes. Experts say that insulin can be injected in various areas of the body, such as the abdomen, arms, thighs, or buttocks, but choosing and rotating the injection sites correctly plays a very important role in treatment effectiveness.

In this article, Tiptory will provide detailed instructions on how to inject insulin at home, how to choose appropriate injection sites, tips to help insulin absorb better, and common mistakes to avoid so you can confidently take care of your health every day.

Part 1: How to Safely Use an Insulin Syringe

Step 1: Prepare the Equipment Correctly

Prepare all necessary equipment before injection

Before performing an insulin injection, have all necessary items ready to avoid interruptions during the injection process. Basic equipment includes:

• Insulin vial as prescribed by the doctor.
• Insulin syringe or insulin pen.
• Alcohol swab or cotton ball for disinfection.
• Sharps container for used needles.

Thorough preparation helps reduce the risk of errors and ensures the medication is used correctly.

Check the type of insulin before use

Before each injection, carefully read the medication label to ensure you are using the correct type of insulin prescribed.

Common types of insulin include:

• Rapid-acting insulin.
• Short-acting insulin.
• Intermediate-acting insulin.
• Long-acting insulin.

Each type has a different onset of action and is indicated for specific medical conditions. Do not change insulin types without consulting your doctor.

Learn about common insulin injection devices

Currently, there are various methods for delivering insulin into the body, including:

• Traditional insulin syringes.
• Insulin pens.
• Insulin pumps.
• Needle-free insulin jet injectors.

Among these, insulin syringes remain a popular choice due to their low cost, ease of use, and often being supported by health insurance programs.

Choose the right type of insulin syringe

Insulin syringes come in various capacities. Choosing the correct size helps measure the dose more accurately.

Refer to the selection guide:

1. 1 mL syringe:
   • Suitable for doses from 50–100 units of insulin.
2. 0.5 mL syringe:
   • Suitable for doses from 30–50 units of insulin.
3. 0.3 mL syringe:
   • Suitable for doses under 30 units of insulin.

Most syringes today are made of single-use plastic and come with pre-attached needles to ensure sterility.

Prioritize short insulin needles to reduce pain

Previously, insulin needles were typically about 12.7 mm long. Nowadays, shorter needles, ranging from 4–8 mm, are widely used because they:

• Effectively deliver insulin into the subcutaneous fat layer.
• Reduce pain sensation during injection.
• Limit damage to underlying tissues.
• Help patients self-inject more easily.

If you are new to injecting insulin at home, consult your doctor or healthcare professional to choose the appropriate needle size for your age, weight, and health condition.

Step 2: Bring the Medication to Room Temperature Before Use

Remove insulin from the refrigerator before injection

Insulin is typically stored in the refrigerator to maintain its quality and extend its shelf life. Cold temperatures help prevent the medication from degrading or becoming less effective over time.

However, before injecting insulin at home, you should take the insulin vial out of the refrigerator about 30 minutes beforehand to allow the medication to reach room temperature.

Steps to follow:

1. Remove the insulin vial from storage.
2. Place it in a dry, cool place.
3. Wait for about 30 minutes before injecting.
4. Recheck the vial before use according to your doctor's or manufacturer's instructions.

Do not heat insulin with high temperatures

To shorten the waiting time, many people tend to warm the medication quickly using heat sources. However, this can degrade the quality of insulin.

Do not:

• Put insulin in the microwave.
• Heat it with boiling water.
• Place it near stoves, ovens, or strong heat sources.
• Expose it directly to sunlight.

Excessively high temperatures can destroy the structure of insulin, causing the medication to lose its therapeutic effect.

Why shouldn't cold insulin be injected?

Injecting insulin when it is too cold can cause more discomfort during the injection process and affect the patient's experience.

Some potential issues include:

• Increased pain or stinging sensation.
• Injection site discomfort after injection.
• The effectiveness of insulin may not be optimal compared to when used at room temperature.

For the best blood sugar control, insulin should be used at room temperature according to the healthcare professional's instructions.

Properly store opened insulin

After opening and starting use, many types of insulin can be stored at room temperature as recommended by the manufacturer.

Important notes include:

• Avoid direct sunlight.
• Do not place near high heat sources.
• Close the cap carefully after each use.
• Monitor the date the insulin vial was opened.

Typically, an opened insulin vial can be stored at room temperature for about 1 month while maintaining its effectiveness. However, the specific duration may vary for different types of insulin, so always refer to the instructions for use or consult your treating physician.

Step 3: How to Draw Medication into the Syringe

Check insulin before use

Before preparing to inject insulin at home, thoroughly check the medication vial to ensure you are using the correct type of insulin prescribed by your doctor.

Things to check include:

• Correct name and type of insulin.
• Medication is within its expiration date.
• Vial is not cracked, leaking, or damaged.
• Insulin shows no abnormal signs.

Do not use insulin if:

• It has sediment or unusual clumps.
• There are suspended particles in the medication.
• The color has changed from its normal appearance.

Wash hands and disinfect the insulin vial

Proper hygiene helps reduce the risk of infection when injecting insulin.

Follow these steps:

1. Wash hands with soap and clean water.
2. Dry hands completely.
3. Remove the plastic protective cap from the insulin vial.
4. Use an alcohol swab to clean the rubber stopper on the mouth of the vial.
5. Wait for the alcohol to dry naturally before proceeding.

Draw insulin into the syringe with the correct dose

After preparation, proceed to draw insulin into the syringe according to the prescribed dosage.

Steps to follow:

1. Remove the protective cap from the needle.
2. Pull the plunger back to the mark corresponding to the insulin dose to be injected.
3. Pierce the needle through the rubber stopper of the insulin vial.
4. Push the plunger down to inject air into the vial.
5. Keep the needle in the vial and invert the insulin vial.
6. Slowly pull the plunger down until the correct insulin dose is reached.
7. Recheck the markings on the syringe to ensure accuracy.

Notes for each type of insulin

Each type of insulin has different characteristics, so it's important to identify them correctly before use.

• Rapid-acting or short-acting insulin is usually clear and contains no suspended particles.
• Intermediate-acting insulin is often cloudy or slightly opaque.

For cloudy insulin:

• Gently roll the vial between your palms several times to mix the medication evenly.
• Do not shake the insulin vial vigorously.

Vigorous shaking can create air bubbles or alter the quality of the medication.

Remove air bubbles from the syringe

After drawing the medication, check for air bubbles in the syringe.

How to handle:

1. Hold the syringe with the needle pointing upwards.
2. Gently tap the barrel of the syringe with your finger.
3. Allow the air bubbles to rise to the top of the syringe.
4. Gently push the plunger to return the air to the insulin vial.
5. Recheck the insulin dosage and adjust if necessary.

The syringe should contain the correct insulin dose and be free of air bubbles to ensure accurate medication delivery into the body.

Prepare for the next injection step

After drawing enough medication and removing air bubbles, place the syringe in a clean, safe position and avoid touching the needle tip. Next, choose an appropriate injection site to perform subcutaneous insulin injection as directed by your doctor or healthcare professional.

Step 4: How to Mix Two Types of Insulin

Only mix insulin when instructed by a doctor

Not all types of insulin can be mixed together. Therefore, you should only perform insulin mixing or mixed insulin injection when specifically instructed by your doctor.

Before performing:

• Confirm the types of insulin that can be mixed.
• Understand the dosage of each insulin type.
• Correctly understand the mixing procedure according to your doctor's instructions.
• Do not arbitrarily change the ratio or type of insulin you are using.

Calculate the total insulin dose needed for injection

If instructed to use two types of insulin in the same injection, calculate the total number of insulin units needed.

For example:

• Rapid-acting insulin: 10 units.
• Intermediate-acting insulin: 20 units.

The total amount of insulin to draw into the syringe is 30 units.

After determining the total dose, follow the steps for preparing the syringe according to the healthcare professional's instructions.

Adhere to the correct order for drawing insulin

When mixing two types of insulin, the order in which the medication is drawn into the syringe is crucial to avoid affecting the quality of the medication.

The basic principle is:

1. Draw clear insulin first.
2. Draw cloudy insulin second.

Many people remember this with a simple rule:

• Start with "clear" first.
• End with "cloudy" second.

Following the correct order helps minimize the risk of cross-contamination between insulin types.

Identify clear and cloudy insulin

To avoid confusion when injecting insulin at home, you need to identify the characteristics of each type of medication.

• Rapid-acting or short-acting insulin is usually clear, without suspended particles.
• Some intermediate-acting insulin types appear cloudy or slightly opaque after being thoroughly mixed.

Before using cloudy insulin:

• Gently roll the vial between your palms.
• Mix the solution thoroughly according to instructions.
• Do not shake vigorously to avoid creating air bubbles.

Why is it necessary to mix two types of insulin?

Combining multiple types of insulin helps control blood sugar more effectively in some cases.

Benefits may include:

• Faster reduction of post-meal blood sugar.
• Maintaining blood sugar control for a longer duration.
• Reducing the number of injections per day for some treatment regimens.

Each diabetic patient will have different insulin needs, so not everyone needs to use mixed insulin.

Not all patients need to mix insulin

Many people can achieve good blood sugar control with just one type of insulin or by using devices like insulin pens according to their specific regimen.

Insulin mixing is usually considered when:

• Insulin requirements increase over time.
• Blood sugar is difficult to control with the current regimen.
• The doctor assesses the patient as suitable for mixed insulin.

Do not attempt to use someone else's insulin mixing method for yourself.

Practice under the guidance of healthcare professionals

If you are prescribed to use two types of insulin in the same syringe, learn and practice directly with a doctor or nurse before performing it yourself at home.

This helps you:

• Master the correct insulin mixing technique.
• Ensure accurate dosages.
• Reduce injection errors.
• Increase the long-term effectiveness of diabetes control.

Tiptory recommends performing insulin mixing and mixed insulin injection only after receiving adequate training and adhering strictly to your doctor's treatment plan.

Step 5: Choose the Correct Injection Site

Inject insulin into the subcutaneous fat layer

For insulin to be consistently effective, it needs to be injected into the fat layer directly beneath the skin, also known as subcutaneous adipose tissue. This is the common technique for subcutaneous insulin injection used for diabetic patients.

Commonly chosen sites include:

• Abdomen.
• Front or outer thigh.
• Buttocks.
• Back of the upper arm.

These areas typically have a sufficiently thick subcutaneous fat layer, which allows insulin to absorb at the correct rate as designed for the medication.

Select an appropriate injection site

Each body region has a different rate of insulin absorption.

Typically:

1. Abdomen:
   • Absorbs insulin fastest.
   • Often preferred for many types of insulin.
2. Arms:
   • Medium absorption rate.
3. Thighs:
   • Slower absorption than the abdomen.
4. Buttocks:
   • Slowest absorption among common sites.

The choice of injection site should follow your doctor's instructions to match the type of insulin being used.

Rotate injection sites frequently

Individuals who inject insulin at home daily need to change injection sites to protect subcutaneous tissue and maintain effective medication absorption.

You can follow the principle of:

• Changing injection spots within the same area.
• Or moving to another body region according to a rotation plan.

Note:

• Each injection should be at least 2.5 cm (about 1 inch) away from the previous site.
• Do not inject continuously into the same spot.

Rotating injection sites helps limit tissue damage and reduces the risk of local complications.

Do not inject insulin into muscle

The needle needs to go into the subcutaneous fat layer, not muscle tissue.

If insulin is injected too deeply into muscle:

• The medication may absorb too quickly.
• Blood sugar is at risk of suddenly dropping.
• Increased risk of dangerous hypoglycemia.

This is why choosing the appropriate needle length and using correct injection technique are crucial.

Preventing lipodystrophy

Repeated injections into the same site can lead to lipodystrophy.

Common signs include:

• Hard lumps or raised areas appearing on the skin.
• Unusual depressions in the skin.
• Uneven skin surface.

When this condition occurs:

• Insulin absorption becomes erratic.
• Blood sugar control effectiveness may decrease.
• The insulin dose used may not achieve the desired effect.

Rotating injection sites is the simplest and most effective measure to prevent this complication.

Avoid areas of damaged skin

Insulin should not be injected into areas with abnormal signs.

Avoid:

• Bruised skin areas.
• Swollen and red areas.
• An area that is painful or sensitive.
• An inflamed or infected skin area.

Additionally:

• Inject at least 2.5 cm away from scars.
• Inject at least 5 cm away from the navel.

These areas can alter insulin absorption and cause discomfort during injection.

Create a personal injection site map

For individuals who need to inject insulin daily, keeping a record or creating an injection site map will make it easier to rotate injection spots.

The benefits of this method include:

• Reducing the risk of repeated injections at the same site.
• Minimizing damage to subcutaneous tissue.
• Maintaining stable insulin absorption effectiveness.
• Supporting better long-term blood sugar control.

Tiptory recommends that patients establish a habit of rotating injection sites from the beginning to protect their skin and optimize the effectiveness of diabetes treatment.

Step 6: Perform the injection correctly

Clean the injection site before injecting

After selecting an appropriate site for home insulin injection, ensure the skin area is clean and dry.

Preparation steps:

1. Wash the skin area with soap and water.
2. Dry completely before injecting.
3. Check for signs of swelling, redness, bruising, or irritation on the skin.

Cleaning the skin helps reduce the risk of infection and creates favorable conditions for the injection process.

Gently pinch the subcutaneous fat layer

The goal of subcutaneous insulin injection is to deliver the medication into the fat layer between the skin and muscle.

Do this as follows:

• Gently pinch the skin and fatty tissue with your thumb and forefinger.
• Lift the skin area slightly away from the muscle underneath.
• Do not squeeze too hard to avoid causing pain or bruising.

This technique is particularly useful for individuals with a thin subcutaneous fat layer.

Choose the appropriate injection angle

The angle at which the needle is inserted into the skin depends on the individual's physique and the amount of subcutaneous fat.

For individuals with sufficient subcutaneous fat:

• Insert the needle at a 90-degree angle to the skin surface.

For thin individuals or those with little subcutaneous fat:

• The needle can be inserted at approximately a 45-degree angle to reduce the risk of injecting into muscle.

If you are unsure about the appropriate technique, consult your doctor or nurse for guidance.

Inject insulin slowly and steadily

Once the needle is correctly inserted:

1. Gently release the pinched skin.
2. Hold the syringe steady.
3. Slowly push the plunger down.
4. Inject the entire prescribed amount of insulin.

Do not inject too quickly, as this can cause discomfort or increase the risk of medication leakage at the injection site.

Remove the needle and dispose of equipment safely

After injecting all the insulin:

1. Gently remove the needle in the same direction it was inserted.
2. Check the injection site.
3. Do not reuse the needle or single-use syringe.

Used needles should be immediately placed in a specialized sharps container or a safe disposal device according to healthcare facility guidelines.

Note:

• Do not reuse needles.
• Do not share needles with others.
• Keep needles out of reach of children.

Monitor and record injection sites

Recording used sites makes the process of rotating insulin injection sites easier.

You can:

• Make notes in a tracking log.
• Mark on a body diagram.
• Use a diabetes management app if needed.

Information to track includes:

• Injection date.
• Injection time.
• Injection site.
• Type of insulin used.

Maintain the habit of rotating injection sites

Proper rotation of injection sites helps to:

• Minimize damage to subcutaneous tissue.
• Reduce the risk of hard lumps or skin indentations.
• Improve insulin absorption.
• Support stable long-term blood sugar control.

Step 7: Keep the needle in place for the correct time after injection

Keep the needle in place for a few seconds after injection

After injecting the full dose of insulin into your body, do not withdraw the needle immediately. Keep the needle in place at the injection site for about 5 seconds to allow the insulin sufficient time to disperse into the subcutaneous tissue.

Steps to follow:

1. Inject the full prescribed dose of insulin.
2. Keep the needle in place at the injection site for about 5 seconds.
3. Do not change the position of the needle during this time.
4. Only then, gently withdraw the needle.

This is a small but very important step in the technique of home insulin injection, which helps prevent medication from leaking back out.

Limit movement while holding the needle

While holding the needle under the skin, try to keep the injected body part still.

Note:

• Do not twist or shake the syringe.
• Do not contract muscles or change posture suddenly.
• Keep your hand stable until the needle is withdrawn.

Excessive movement can increase discomfort and cause tissue damage at the injection site.

Stay calm if you have needle phobia

Many patients, especially those new to self-injecting insulin, often feel anxious or a little dizzy when seeing a needle.

To reduce discomfort, you can:

• Breathe slowly and evenly.
• Relax your body.
• Look away for a few seconds.
• Focus on your breathing instead of the needle.

After some practice, most patients will gradually get used to the daily injection routine.

What to do if insulin leaks out

Sometimes after withdrawing the needle, you may see a small amount of insulin or fluid appear at the injection site.

If this happens:

1. Use a clean tissue or clean gauze.
2. Gently press on the injection site for about 5–10 seconds.
3. Do not rub the injected area vigorously.

Typically, a very small amount of leakage is not a serious problem. However, if this occurs frequently, you should discuss it with your doctor to review your injection technique.

Withdraw the needle at the correct angle to avoid skin damage

After holding the needle for enough time, withdraw the needle in the same direction it was inserted into the body.

Key principle:

• If injected at a 90-degree angle, withdraw the needle at a 90-degree angle.
• If injected at a 45-degree angle, withdraw the needle at a 45-degree angle.

Do not pull sideways or twist the needle when withdrawing, as this can cause pain, bruising, or damage to the subcutaneous tissue.

Check the injection site after completion

After withdrawing the needle, quickly observe the injected skin area.

Look for signs of:

• Slight bleeding.
• Insulin leakage.
• Unusual skin redness.
• Persistent swelling or pain.

If unusual symptoms appear or irritation repeatedly occurs, contact your doctor for advice.

Part 2: How to use an Insulin Pen

Step 1: Should I use a pen?

Insulin pens are a convenient choice for many people

In addition to traditional syringe injection, many patients now choose insulin pens due to their convenience and ease of use in daily life.

In fact, most users find that pens make the process of home insulin injection simpler and more comfortable, especially for those new to insulin therapy.

Advantages of insulin pens

Insulin pens are designed to help patients administer medication more quickly and accurately.

Some notable advantages include:

• No need to draw insulin from a vial into a syringe.
• Easy to adjust insulin dose using the dial on the pen.
• Compact design, convenient to carry around.
• Reduces the number of preparation steps before injection.
• Compatible with many current types of insulin.

Thanks to these advantages, insulin pens are increasingly widely used in diabetes treatment.

Insulin pens are suitable for children and busy individuals

For school-aged children or individuals who travel frequently, an insulin pen can be a more convenient solution compared to traditional syringes.

Benefits include:

• Easy to carry to school or work.
• Quick injection procedure.
• Reduces inconvenience of preparing multiple tools.
• Supports maintaining a regular insulin injection schedule.

This helps patients be more proactive in controlling their blood sugar daily.

Limitations of insulin pens

Although insulin pens have many advantages, some limitations need to be considered.

Among them:

• Not all treatment regimens are suitable for pens.
• In some cases where multiple types of insulin need to be combined, this may be difficult to do with a pen.
• Patients may need to use different pens if separate types of insulin are prescribed.

Therefore, the choice of injection device should be based on the guidance of the treating physician.

Common types of insulin pens

Currently, there are two main groups of insulin pens:

1. Disposable insulin pens:
   • Pre-filled with insulin.
   • Discarded after all medication is used.
2. Reusable insulin pens with replaceable cartridges:
   • New insulin cartridges can be replaced when the medication runs out.
   • Only the needle needs to be replaced according to instructions.

Each type has its own advantages in terms of cost, convenience, and long-term usage needs.

Cost of using insulin pens

Compared to traditional insulin vials and syringes, the cost of insulin pens is often higher.

Costs may include:

• The pen device itself.
• Insulin cartridges or disposable pens.
• Regular needle replacements.

However, many patients find that the convenience and ease of use are benefits worth considering when choosing this device.

Should I choose a syringe or an insulin pen?

No single option is suitable for everyone. The decision to use an insulin pen or a traditional syringe depends on:

• The type of insulin being used.
• The treatment regimen.
• The patient's age.
• Ability to self-inject.
• Treatment costs.
• Daily lifestyle habits.

Tiptory recommends that patients discuss directly with their doctor to choose the most suitable insulin injection method, ensuring effective blood sugar control and long-term convenience.

Step 2: Prepare the insulin pen correctly

Check the insulin pen before use

Before each insulin injection with a pen, take a few minutes to check the device to ensure safety and treatment effectiveness.

Things to check include:

• Correct type of insulin prescribed by the doctor.
• Pen is within its expiration date.
• No signs of cracks, breakage, or damage.
• Insulin inside is stored correctly.

Do not use the pen if the medication has expired or shows any unusual signs.

Attach the needle to the insulin pen

After checking the pen, attach the needle according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Steps to follow:

1. Wipe the pen tip with an alcohol swab or cotton ball soaked in alcohol.
2. Remove the protective tab from a new needle.
3. Attach the needle to the pen tip and twist it securely according to the instructions.
4. Remove the outer needle cap.
5. Keep the outer cap to use when removing the needle after injection.

Use a new needle for each injection to reduce the risk of infection and minimize pain during injection.

Check rapid-acting insulin

If you are using rapid-acting insulin or certain clear insulin types, carefully observe the medication solution before injecting.

Acceptable insulin usually has these characteristics:

• Clear.
• No discoloration.
• No suspended particles.
• No sediment or clumps.

Do not use if any unusual signs are detected, as this may affect blood sugar control effectiveness.

Clean the needle before use

After opening the pen and exposing the needle:

• Check if the needle is intact.
• Ensure the needle is clean and unused.
• You can gently wipe the outer contact tip as instructed by healthcare personnel if necessary.

Keeping the needle clean helps reduce the risk of infection at the injection site.

Mix cloudy insulin before injection

Some types of intermediate-acting insulin or long-acting insulin appear cloudy and need to be mixed thoroughly before use.

Follow these steps:

1. Place the pen between your palms.
2. Gently roll it back and forth several times.
3. Then invert or tilt the pen up and down about 10 times.
4. Recheck to ensure the solution is uniformly mixed.

Thorough mixing ensures even insulin distribution, guaranteeing that each injected dose has the correct concentration.

Do not shake the insulin pen vigorously

Many people have a habit of shaking the pen vigorously to mix the medication, but this action is not recommended.

Vigorous shaking can:

• Create air bubbles inside the pen.
• Make it difficult to determine the exact dosage.
• Affect the quality of the insulin.

Instead, roll and gently invert as instructed.

Recheck before injecting

Before performing a home insulin injection, quickly review the following factors:

• Correct type of insulin.
• Correct prescribed dosage.
• New and securely attached needle.
• Insulin shows no unusual signs.
• Cloudy insulin has been thoroughly mixed if needed.

This checking habit only takes a few minutes but can help prevent many errors during diabetes treatment.

Step 3: Remove the needle cap correctly

Remove the needle cap before injecting

After attaching the needle to the insulin pen, you need to remove the protective caps to prepare for the next injection step.

Typically, the needle will have two protective caps:

• The outer needle cap.
• The inner needle cap.

Removing them in the correct order helps ensure the needle remains clean and ready for use.

Remove the outer cap and save it for later use

First, remove the outer protective cap of the needle.

Note:

• Remove gently to avoid bending or touching the needle tip.
• Keep the outer cap in a clean place.
• The outer cap will be used when removing the needle after the injection is complete.

Do not lose the outer cap, as it will make safe needle disposal difficult.

Remove the inner needle cap

After removing the outer cap, proceed to remove the inner protective cap.

Steps to follow:

1. Hold the pen body firmly.
2. Pull the inner cap straight off the needle.
3. Discard the inner cap in an appropriate trash bin.

After this step, the needle tip is ready for home insulin injection.

Avoid touching the needle tip

Once the protective caps have been removed:

• Do not touch the needle.
• Do not place the needle tip in contact with other surfaces.
• Do not wipe or manipulate the needle tip.

This helps maintain sterility and reduces the risk of infection during injection.

Do not reuse needles

An important principle in insulin injection technique is to use a needle only once.

Reusing needles can cause several problems such as:

• Increased pain during injection.
• Damage to the skin and subcutaneous tissue.
• Increased risk of infection.
• Affecting the accuracy of the injection.

Even if the needle appears intact, reusing it is not recommended.

Use a new needle for each injection

To ensure safety and treatment effectiveness:

• Use a new needle for each insulin injection.
• Remove the needle immediately after injection.
• Store the pen according to the manufacturer's instructions.

This practice helps maintain insulin quality, reduces local complications, and supports better blood sugar control.

Step 4: Prime the pen

Prime before each injection

Before injecting insulin with a pen, it is necessary to prime it to ensure normal insulin flow through the needle and accurate drug delivery into the body.

This is an important step but is often overlooked by many people when injecting insulin at home.

Hold the pen in the correct position

To prime effectively:

1. Hold the pen vertically.
2. Point the needle upwards.
3. Hold the pen body firmly throughout the operation.

This position helps air bubbles move to the top of the pen and be easily removed.

Tap gently to move air bubbles up

After holding the pen upright:

• Tap the pen body gently a few times with your finger.
• Observe the air bubbles moving towards the needle tip.

Do not shake the pen vigorously as it may create more air bubbles or affect the insulin quality.

Set a test dose

Next, turn the dose selector knob on the pen to the test dose level according to the manufacturer's instructions, usually around 2 units of insulin.

Steps to follow:

1. Turn the dose selector knob to 2.
2. Check the display screen or dose window.
3. Ensure the pen is at the correct test level before proceeding.

Press the injection button to prime

After setting the test dose:

1. Continue to hold the needle tip upwards.
2. Press the injection button completely.
3. Observe the needle tip.

If the pen is working normally, a small drop of insulin will appear at the needle tip.

The appearance of an insulin drop indicates:

• The needle is not clogged.
• Insulin flow is good.
• The pen is ready for use.

What to do if no insulin drop appears

If insulin does not appear at the needle tip:

• Repeat the priming process once more.
• Check if the needle is properly attached.
• Replace with a new needle if you suspect it is clogged.

Do not proceed with the injection until you are sure insulin has appeared at the needle tip.

Why is it necessary to remove air bubbles?

Air bubbles in the pen can affect the accuracy of the insulin dose.

Some potential problems include:

• Under-injecting insulin compared to the prescribed dose.
• Poor blood sugar control effectiveness.
• Unstable treatment results.

Priming only takes a few seconds but helps ensure higher accuracy for each insulin injection.

Check the pen before each injection

Even if the pen has been used before, you should still perform the priming step before each injection.

This practice helps to:

• Confirm the pen is working normally.
• Ensure the needle is not clogged.
• Reduce insulin dosage errors.
• Increase long-term blood sugar control effectiveness.

Tiptory recommends that patients always perform the priming step before each insulin injection with a pen to ensure the medication is delivered accurately and safely.

Step 5: Set the correct dosage

Adjust insulin dose according to doctor's instructions

After completing the priming step, you need to set the correct insulin dose before injecting. This is a very important step in the process of injecting insulin with a pen, helping to ensure the body receives the appropriate amount of medication to control blood sugar.

Absolutely do not arbitrarily increase or decrease the insulin dose without guidance from your treating physician.

Locate the dose adjustment knob on the pen

Most insulin pens are equipped with a dose adjustment knob at the end of the pen body, near the injection button.

This component has the function of:

• Selecting the number of insulin units to be injected.
• Displaying the set dosage.
• Helping to control the injection dose more accurately.

Before turning the adjustment knob, check the display screen or window on the pen for easy monitoring.

Set the correct number of insulin units

Follow these steps:

1. Turn the dose adjustment knob.
2. Observe the number of units displayed on the pen.
3. Stop when the exact dosage prescribed by the doctor is reached.
4. Check again before injecting.

For example:

• If the doctor prescribes 10 units of insulin, turn the knob to exactly 10.
• If prescribed 20 units, set it to exactly 20.

Rechecking helps to avoid unwanted errors.

Do not estimate insulin dose by eye

Some patients tend to estimate or adjust doses intuitively, especially when they have been using insulin for a long time.

This can lead to:

• Under-injecting insulin, causing blood sugar to rise.
• Over-injecting, increasing the risk of hypoglycemia.
• Difficulty in long-term diabetes control.

Therefore, always rely on the dosage prescribed by your doctor or healthcare professional.

Check again before injecting

Before inserting the needle into the skin, quickly review the following factors:

• Correct type of insulin.
• Correct prescribed dosage.
• Pen has been primed.
• Needle is new and working normally.

This checking habit helps improve the safety and effectiveness of each at-home insulin injection.

Remember daily insulin doses

If you need to use insulin regularly, you should record the dosage after each injection.

Information to track includes:

• Date of injection.
• Time of injection.
• Number of insulin units used.
• Type of insulin injected.

Thorough tracking helps the doctor evaluate treatment effectiveness and adjust the regimen when necessary.

Step 6: Choose the injection site with the pen

Inject insulin into the subcutaneous fat layer

When using an insulin pen, the medication needs to be delivered into the fat layer directly under the skin, also known as subcutaneous tissue. This is the location that helps insulin be absorbed stably and exert its effect as intended by the drug's design.

Recommended subcutaneous insulin injection sites include:

• Abdomen.
• Front or outer thigh.
• Buttocks.
• Back of the upper arm.

These areas generally have a sufficiently thick subcutaneous fat layer, suitable for daily insulin injections.

Choose an appropriate injection site

Each body region has different insulin absorption rates.

Typically:

1. Abdominal area:
   • Fastest insulin absorption.
   • Often preferred by many doctors.
2. Arm area:
   • Medium absorption rate.
3. Thigh area:
   • Slower absorption than the abdomen.
4. Buttock area:
   • Relatively slow and stable absorption.

For optimal treatment effectiveness, inject into the same body region at the same time each day but rotate specific injection spots within that region.

Rotate injection sites daily

Individuals who frequently inject insulin at home need to rotate injection sites to avoid damage to the subcutaneous tissue.

You can apply the following rotation method:

• Move to a different spot within the same injection area.
• Alternate between the abdomen, thighs, arms, or buttocks according to a pre-established plan.

Note:

• Each injection site should be at least 2.5 cm (about 1 inch) from the previous site.
• Do not inject continuously into the same spot.

Proper rotation helps maintain stable insulin absorption and reduces the risk of local complications.

Avoid injecting too deeply into the muscle

The goal of insulin injection technique is to deliver the medication into the subcutaneous fat layer, not muscle tissue.

If injected too deeply:

• Insulin may be absorbed abnormally quickly.
• Blood sugar levels are at risk of a sudden drop.
• Increased risk of severe hypoglycemia.

Therefore, use an appropriate needle and inject at the correct angle as instructed by your healthcare professional.

Prevent lipodystrophy

Repeated injections into the same site can lead to lipodystrophy.

This condition can manifest as:

• Hard lumps appearing under the skin.
• Skin dimpling or deformation.
• Uneven skin surface.

When lipodystrophy occurs:

• Insulin absorption becomes unstable.
• Blood sugar control effectiveness decreases.
• It becomes difficult to predict the drug's effect.

This is why rotating injection sites plays a very important role in long-term diabetes management.

Avoid abnormal skin areas

Insulin should not be injected into areas with lesions or signs of inflammation.

Avoid:

• Bruised skin.
• Swollen and red areas.
• Areas that are painful or sensitive.
• Areas of inflamed or infected skin.

Additionally:

• Inject at least 2.5 cm away from scars.
• Inject at least 5 cm away from the navel.

These areas can affect insulin absorption and increase discomfort during injection.

Monitor injection site map

To make insulin injection site rotation more effective, patients should create their own tracking map.

You can record:

• Date of injection.
• Time of injection.
• Injection site.
• Type of insulin used.

Regular monitoring helps avoid injecting repeatedly into the same spot and supports better blood sugar control.

Step 7: Perform the injection with the pen

Hold the pen correctly

After setting the correct dosage and choosing the appropriate injection site, you can begin to perform the insulin injection with the pen.

How to hold the pen:

• Place your fingers around the pen body.
• Place your thumb on the injection button.
• Hold the pen firmly but do not squeeze too hard.

A correct grip helps control the pressing force better and reduces errors during the injection process.

Insert the needle into the subcutaneous fat layer

Before injecting:

1. Gently pinch the skin at the chosen site if necessary.
2. Insert the needle into the subcutaneous fat layer at the appropriate angle.
3. Keep the pen stable throughout the injection process.

Common injection angles:

• 90 degrees for people with a sufficiently thick subcutaneous fat layer.
• 45 degrees for thin people or those with less subcutaneous tissue.

The appropriate injection angle may vary depending on the type of pen, needle length, and the patient's physique. Follow the instructions of your doctor or nurse.

Press the injection button decisively

Once the needle is in the correct position:

1. Press the injection button completely.
2. Keep the button continuously pressed.
3. Do not release the button midway.

Pressing the button all the way ensures that the entire amount of insulin is delivered into the body.

Hold the pen in place for at least 10 seconds

After pressing the injection button:

• Continue to hold the needle under the skin.
• Keep the button pressed for at least 10 seconds.
• Do not withdraw the needle too early.

This is an important step in the at-home insulin injection technique because it helps to:

• Ensure all insulin is delivered into the subcutaneous tissue.
• Reduce the risk of medication leaking out.
• Increase the accuracy of the insulin dose.

Many experts recommend that patients count slowly from 1 to 10 before withdrawing the needle.

Keep the body stable during injection

While holding the needle under the skin:

• Avoid sudden changes in posture.
• Do not twist or shake the pen.
• Do not stretch the skin at the injection site.

Keeping the body still helps reduce discomfort and limits damage to the subcutaneous tissue.

Withdraw the needle with the correct technique

After holding for enough time:

1. Gently withdraw the needle.
2. Withdraw in the same direction the needle was inserted.
3. Quickly check the injection site.

If a small drop of blood appears, you can gently press it with a clean gauze pad or tissue for a few seconds.

Do not:

• Rub the injection site vigorously.
• Massage the area that was just injected.
• Rub or press hard on the insulin injection area.

Check the injection after completion

After the injection, observe the injection site to detect any abnormal signs early, such as:

• Prolonged bleeding.
• Significant redness and swelling.
• Unusual pain.
• Large amount of insulin leakage.

If these signs appear frequently, consult your doctor for guidance on adjusting your injection technique.

Maintain correct injection technique daily

Following the correct insulin pen injection procedure helps to:

• Deliver insulin into the body more accurately.
• Minimize medication loss.
• Reduce injection pain.
• Support effective blood sugar control.

Tiptory recommends that patients always keep the needle under the skin for at least 10 seconds after pressing the injection button to ensure they receive the full prescribed insulin dose and optimize diabetes treatment effectiveness.

Step 8: Dispose of the needle after use

Remove the needle immediately after injection

After completing an insulin injection with a pen, you should remove the needle from the pen as soon as possible.

Steps to follow:

1. Replace the outer protective cap of the needle.
2. Hold the outer cap firmly.
3. Unscrew the needle from the pen body according to the manufacturer's instructions.
4. Dispose of the needle in a specialized sharps container.

Removing the needle immediately after each use helps protect the quality of the remaining insulin in the pen and reduces unwanted incidents.

Do not leave the needle attached to the pen

Many people are accustomed to leaving the needle on the pen for the next injection. This is a common mistake that should be avoided.

Leaving the needle on the pen can cause:

• Insulin leakage.
• Air entering the pen.
• Dose inaccuracies in subsequent injections.
• Increased risk of infection.

To ensure treatment effectiveness, remove the needle after each at-home insulin injection.

Continue using the pen until the insulin runs out

Unlike needles, the insulin pen body does not need to be discarded after each use.

Typically:

• The pen can be used until all the insulin inside is gone.
• Some opened insulin pens can be used for about 28 days, depending on the product.
• Always check the manufacturer's storage instructions.

Do not use an insulin pen that has passed its recommended open-date period.

Prepare a specialized sharps container

Used needles must be collected safely to prevent injury to others.

You should prepare:

• A specialized sharps container.
• Or a hard plastic container with a secure lid.
• Or a sealed metal container that is difficult to puncture.

It is advisable to label the outside to warn that it contains medical sharps.

Do not dispose of needles in household trash

Used needles should not be discarded directly into regular trash.

Improper disposal can:

• Cause needle-stick injuries.
• Increased risk of infection.
• Impacts waste collection personnel.

All used needles must be collected separately according to medical waste disposal regulations.

Disposing of a full sharps container

When the sharps container is almost full:

1. Close the lid securely.
2. Secure with tape if necessary.
3. Do not force more needles into the container.
4. Dispose of according to local healthcare facility guidelines.

This helps reduce the risk of needles piercing the container.

Store injection supplies out of reach of children

All items related to insulin injection, especially used needles, must be stored in a safe place.

Note:

• Keep out of reach of children.
• Do not place where children can easily open or access them.
• Regularly check the sharps container.

This is a simple but very important measure to prevent accidents in the home.

Develop a habit of safe needle disposal

Proper needle disposal is an indispensable part of insulin treatment.

The benefits include:

• Protecting yourself and your loved ones.
• Reducing the risk of infection.
• Ensuring environmental hygiene.
• Adhering to medical safety principles.

Tiptory recommends that patients always remove the needle immediately after each insulin pen injection, use a new needle for each injection, and collect used needles in a specialized sharps container to ensure maximum safety.

Part 3: When is insulin injection necessary?

Note 1: How do type 1 and type 2 diabetes differ?

Understanding diabetes correctly

Diabetes is a condition where blood sugar levels are chronically high due to the body's lack of insulin or inefficient use of insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, which helps glucose move from the blood into cells to generate energy for the body.

When insulin does not function properly, sugar accumulates in the blood, increasing the risk of many serious complications.

What is type 1 diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas can no longer produce insulin, or produces very little.

Characteristics of the disease include:

• Complete or near-complete insulin deficiency in the body.
• Typically appears in children, adolescents, or young adults.
• Patients need daily insulin injections to sustain life.
• Cannot be controlled by diet or exercise alone.

If not treated properly, the disease can lead to many dangerous complications.

What is type 2 diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of the disease today.

In people with this condition:

• The body still produces insulin.
• However, cells become less sensitive to insulin.
• The pancreas may not produce enough insulin to meet actual needs.

This causes blood sugar to rise even when insulin is present in the body.

Differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Here are the key differences:

1. Insulin production capacity:
   • Type 1: Severe insulin deficiency.
   • Type 2: Insulin is still present but works less effectively or is insufficient.
2. Affected population:
   • Type 1: More common in children and young people.
   • Type 2: More common in adults, especially those who are overweight or obese.
3. Treatment methods:
   • Type 1: Insulin use is mandatory.
   • Type 2: Can be controlled with diet, exercise, weight loss, medication, or insulin depending on the case.

The link between type 2 diabetes and obesity

Many studies show that overweight and obesity are leading risk factors for type 2 diabetes.

When body fat increases:

• Cells become insulin resistant.
• The body needs more insulin to control blood sugar.
• The pancreas has to work overtime for a long period.

This is why maintaining a healthy weight plays an important role in preventing and controlling the disease.

Do people with type 2 diabetes need insulin injections?

Not all people with type 2 diabetes need to use insulin.

Many cases can control blood sugar with:

• A scientific diet.
• Appropriate weight loss.
• Regular physical activity.
• Medication as prescribed.

However, as the disease progresses or blood sugar becomes difficult to control, doctors may prescribe home insulin injections to support treatment.

Why can't insulin be taken orally?

Many people wonder why insulin must be injected instead of taken orally like other common medications.

The reasons are:

• Insulin is a protein.
• When passing through the stomach and intestines, insulin is broken down by digestive enzymes.
• The drug cannot be absorbed intact into the bloodstream to exert its effect.

Therefore, subcutaneous insulin injection remains the most common and effective method for delivering insulin into the body.

Importance of blood sugar control

Whether you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes, maintaining blood sugar within the target range is crucial.

Good diabetes control helps:

• Reduce the risk of cardiovascular damage.
• Protect kidneys.
• Limit eye complications.
• Reduce the risk of nerve damage.
• Improve long-term quality of life.

Tiptory recommends that patients actively monitor their blood sugar, adhere to their treatment plan, and have regular check-ups to effectively manage diabetes and prevent future complications.

Note 2: Signs to recognize type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes often appears rapidly and distinctly

Unlike type 2 diabetes, the symptoms of type 1 diabetes often appear over a short period and tend to be more severe.

While many people with type 2 diabetes may not realize they have the disease for months or years, people with type 1 diabetes often show clear signs within just a few weeks.

Early recognition of symptoms helps patients get timely diagnosis and treatment, limiting dangerous complications.

Constant thirst

One of the most common signs of type 1 diabetes is a persistent feeling of thirst.

Patients often:

• Drink more water than usual.
• Always feel a dry mouth.
• Have difficulty quenching thirst despite drinking enough water.

This is because the body tries to eliminate excess sugar through urine, leading to dehydration.

Frequent urination throughout the day

When blood sugar is high, the kidneys have to work harder to excrete excess sugar from the body.

Common signs include:

• Frequent urination.
• Frequent nighttime urination.
• Abnormally increased urine volume.

This symptom often accompanies constant thirst.

Increased hunger but still losing weight

People with type 1 diabetes may feel hungry frequently despite eating enough.

However:

• Weight still drops rapidly.
• The body becomes noticeably thinner.
• Loss of muscle mass in a short period.

This happens because cells cannot use glucose effectively for energy when insulin is lacking.

Persistent fatigue

Lack of insulin prevents the body from using blood sugar as its primary energy source.

Patients often experience:

• Constant fatigue.
• Lack of vitality.
• Reduced concentration.
• Feeling exhausted despite adequate rest.

This is one of the most common symptoms in newly diagnosed patients.

Sweet or fruity-smelling breath

When the body doesn't have enough insulin, it starts to burn fat for energy.

This process produces substances called ketones, which can cause:

• Sweet-smelling breath.
• Breath that smells like ripe fruit.
• Persistent unusual breath.

This is a sign that requires early medical evaluation as it can be related to a dangerous condition of high ketones.

Blurred vision

High blood sugar can affect the eye's ability to regulate vision.

Patients may notice:

• Temporary decrease in vision.
• Blurred vision.
• Difficulty focusing when reading or looking at distant objects.

If uncontrolled, long-term diabetes can increase the risk of eye damage.

Slow-healing wounds and easy infections

High blood sugar can affect the body's healing process.

Common manifestations include:

• Cuts or scrapes that heal slowly.
• Easy susceptibility to skin infections.
• Recurrent infections.
• Slower-than-normal recovery ability.

This is a sign that blood sugar may not be well controlled.

Type 1 diabetes is common in children and adolescents

Although the disease can appear at any age, type 1 diabetes is more frequently diagnosed in children and adolescents.

Some noticeable signs in children include:

• Rapid weight loss.
• Unusual thinness.
• Frequent fatigue.
• Drinking a lot of water.
• Frequent urination.

Parents should take their child to a doctor early if these symptoms appear.

Dangerous complications if untreated

If not treated with insulin and blood sugar is not properly controlled, the disease can progress and cause many serious complications.

Complications may include:

• Nerve damage.
• Cardiovascular disease.
• Kidney function decline.
• Eye damage and risk of vision loss.
• Numbness in hands and feet.
• Skin conditions.

Early detection and appropriate treatment can significantly reduce the risk of these complications.

When should you see a doctor?

You should visit a healthcare facility for blood sugar testing if one or more of the following signs appear:

• Unusual thirst.
• Frequent urination.
• Unexplained weight loss.
• Persistent fatigue.
• Blurred vision.
• Sweet or fruity-smelling breath.

Tiptory recommends not to be complacent with these symptoms, especially in children and adolescents. Early detection of type 1 diabetes and timely insulin treatment can help prevent many dangerous complications in the future.

Note 3: Risks to be aware of when injecting insulin

Insulin injection requires precise balance

For many people with diabetes, home insulin injection is an indispensable part of daily life. However, treatment effectiveness largely depends on using the correct insulin dosage.

Controlling blood sugar can be imagined as balancing on a tightrope:

• Injecting too much insulin can cause blood sugar to drop too low.
• Injecting too little insulin can cause blood sugar to remain high.

Therefore, patients need to monitor their blood sugar regularly and adhere to the correct treatment regimen.

Risk of hypoglycemia when injecting too much insulin

When the amount of insulin in the body is higher than the actual need, glucose is removed from the blood too quickly, leading to hypoglycemia.

This is one of the most common complications in people using insulin.

Common causes include:

• Injecting an overdose of insulin.
• Eating less than usual after injection.
• Skipping meals or eating late.
• Excessive physical activity.
• Drinking alcohol without eating enough.

Signs of hypoglycemia

Patients need to recognize symptoms early to manage them promptly.

Common signs include:

• Excessive sweating.
• Trembling hands and feet.
• Feeling weak.
• Gnawing hunger.
• Dizziness.
• Headache.
• Blurred vision.
• Fast or pounding heart.
• Irritability.
• Difficulty speaking or slurred speech.
• Unusual drowsiness.
• Confusion or loss of concentration.

In more severe cases, it may lead to:

• Fainting.
• Seizures.
• Loss of consciousness.

These are emergency situations that require immediate attention.

Risk of hyperglycemia when injecting insufficient insulin

Conversely, if the body does not receive enough insulin, glucose will accumulate in the blood, causing hyperglycemia.

This situation can occur when:

• Forgetting to inject insulin.
• Injecting an insufficient dose.
• Improper insulin use.
• Insulin stored under incorrect conditions leading to reduced efficacy.

Prolonged hyperglycemia can increase the risk of cardiovascular, neurological, kidney, and eye complications.

Frequent blood sugar monitoring

Each patient has different insulin needs and these can change based on:

• Diet.
• Activity level.
• Weight.
• Health status.
• Stress or co-occurring medical conditions.

Therefore, patients need to:

• Check blood sugar as instructed by their doctor.
• Record blood sugar readings.
• Monitor the body's reaction after each insulin injection.

This information helps the doctor adjust the treatment plan more appropriately.

Skipping meals and over-exercising can cause hypoglycemia

Even when using the correct insulin dose, some lifestyle habits can still cause a sharp drop in blood sugar.

Risk factors include:

• Fasting or skipping meals.
• Eating fewer carbohydrates than usual.
• Prolonged or high-intensity exercise.
• Unusual heavy labor.

Patients need to develop a diet and exercise regimen appropriate to their insulin use plan.

How to treat mild hypoglycemia

If the patient is conscious and can eat and drink normally, mild hypoglycemia can often be quickly managed with fast-acting carbohydrates.

Some popular options include:

• Fruit juice.
• Glucose tablets as directed by healthcare staff.
• Honey.
• White bread.
• Some types of sweet ripe fruits.

After treatment, the patient should continue to monitor blood sugar to ensure levels have stabilized.

When to seek emergency care?

Contact a medical facility or emergency services immediately if the patient:

• Loses consciousness.
• Has seizures.
• Cannot eat or drink on their own.
• Symptoms do not improve after initial treatment.

These are dangerous situations that can be life-threatening if not intervened quickly.

Proactive insulin management to reduce complications

Effective insulin use not only depends on injection technique but also on blood sugar monitoring, diet, and daily lifestyle.

Important notes when injecting insulin

The abdomen is often the preferred injection site

Among the sites for subcutaneous insulin injection, the abdomen is often preferred by many patients.

The benefits of this site include:

• Easy to observe and maneuver for self-injection.
• Less uncomfortable compared to some other areas.
• Relatively fast insulin absorption.
• Stable and more predictable absorption efficacy.

However, patients still need to rotate injection sites within the abdominal area to minimize damage to the subcutaneous tissue.

Reducing pain during insulin injection

If you feel anxious or sensitive to needles, you can apply some measures to help reduce discomfort when injecting insulin at home.

Some commonly applied methods include:

• Relaxing the body before injection.
• Using a new needle for each injection.
• Allowing insulin to reach room temperature before use.
• Choosing healthy, non-irritated skin areas.

Some people also lightly cool the skin with an ice pack or ice wrapped in a clean cloth for a short period before injection to reduce pain. However, avoid direct contact with ice on the skin for too long as it can cause irritation.

Safe disposal of used needles

After each insulin injection, needles must be collected and disposed of properly to ensure the safety of yourself and those around you.

Important principles include:

1. Recap the needle according to safety instructions if necessary.
2. Place the needle in a dedicated sharps container.
3. Do not dispose of loose needles in household trash.
4. Keep sharps containers out of reach of children.

Proper collection helps reduce the risk of needle-stick injuries and limits infection transmission.

Do not dispose of loose needles in the trash

Used needles can still pose a danger to:

• Family members.
• Waste collection personnel.
• Waste handlers.

Therefore, unprotected needles should not be discarded directly into regular trash. Use a sharps container or follow local medical waste disposal guidelines.

Notes when injecting insulin into the buttocks

If choosing the buttocks for insulin injection, the correct location must be identified.

Inject:

• In the upper and outer part of the buttocks.
• Areas with a thick layer of subcutaneous fat.

Do not inject:

• In areas that bear pressure when sitting.
• The middle of the buttocks or areas frequently compressed.

Choosing the correct location helps insulin absorb better and reduces discomfort after injection.

Monitor the body's reaction after injection

After each insulin injection, patients should observe:

• How blood sugar changes.
• Whether redness or swelling appears at the injection site.
• Whether there are signs of unusual hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.

Regular monitoring helps detect problems related to injection technique or treatment effectiveness early.

Each person has different treatment needs

Insulin dosage, injection time, and appropriate type of insulin will vary for each patient.

Factors influencing this include:

• Type of diabetes.
• Age.
• Weight.
• Diet.
• Level of physical activity.
• Co-existing medical conditions.

Therefore, one should not fully apply others' experiences to oneself.

Always consult a doctor when necessary

Guidelines on insulin injection, insulin storage, and blood sugar control are for health education support only.

Patients should consult with:

• Their treating doctor.
• Specialized nurse.
• Diabetes educator.

Especially when:

• Starting insulin for the first time.
• Wanting to change insulin dosage.
• Experiencing side effects or complications.
• Having difficulty with self-injection at home.

Tiptory recommends that patients view home insulin injection guides as helpful reference sources, but all treatment decisions should be made under the direct guidance and consultation of qualified medical professionals.

References

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9. Umpierrez, G. E., Klonoff, D. C., Hellman, R., & colleagues. (2022). Insulin administration and safety recommendations in diabetes care. Endocrine Practice, 28(8), 817–830.
10. World Health Organization. (2024). Diabetes: Fact Sheet. World Health Organization.
11. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology. (2022). Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan. Endocrine Practice, 28(Supplement 1), 1–264.
12. Franz, M. J., MacLeod, J., Evert, A., Brown, C., Gradwell, E., Handu, D., Reppert, A., & Robinson, L. (2023). Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics nutrition practice guideline for type 1 and type 2 diabetes in adults. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 123(4), 613–645.
13. Mayo Clinic Staff. (2025). Diabetes management: How lifestyle, daily routine, and insulin affect blood sugar. Mayo Clinic.
14. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). (2024). Insulin, Medicines, and Other Diabetes Treatments. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). Managing Diabetes: Tips for Everyday Life. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Content edited by: Sidney Bailey Hoang.

Information consulted and verified by expert: Evelyn Clark.